Vacuum-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials and Methods

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on inexpensive organic−inorganic hybrid semiconductors are considered a promising next-generation solar cell technology. For PSC commercialization, the further development of efficient and scalable fabrication methods is essential. To date, solution-based methods have been widely studied due to simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Despite the advantages, it is still necessary for developing vacuum-based methods as the alternative methods due to reproducibility and uniformity with in a large area. However, it is insufficiently studied for a systematic understanding of vacuum-based methods. To give helpful insight for understanding vacuum-based methods for PSC commercialization, this review introduces the precursor and charge transporting materials with the various preparation methods for vacuum-processed PSCs.