Abstract
Pakistan is a Muslim-majority country and is a homeland for Muslims. However, there are minority groups and different sects within the religion. Hate crimes and intolerance against opposite groups are apparent in various forms in news reports and other platforms. However, there are limited studies that explore the issue of hate crimes in Pakistan. This chapter aims to highlight the issue of hate crimes in Pakistan. The chapter examines the conceptual understanding of hate crimes in the existing laws of Pakistan. The chapter discusses the evolution of existing laws related to hate crimes in a historical context and provides empirical evidence of a survey conducted to understand the extent of hate crimes and youth exposure to hate crimes online. It was found that more than 50 percent of youth are exposed to hate online against different groups. Finally, the chapter discusses the implications of the findings and future research directions.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Research Handbook on Hate and Hate Crimes in Society |
| Publisher | Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. |
| Pages | 216-230 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9781803925738 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9781803925721 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 17 Oct 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© Editors and Contributors Severally 2024. All rights reserved.
Keywords
- Hate crimes
- Legal definition
- Online hate
- Pakistan
- Youth exposure to hate
