TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding the Behaviors of λ-MnO2in Electrochemical Lithium Recovery
T2 - Key Limiting Factors and a Route to the Enhanced Performance
AU - Kim, Seoni
AU - Kang, Jin Soo
AU - Joo, Hwajoo
AU - Sung, Yung Eun
AU - Yoon, Jeyong
N1 - Funding Information:
J.Y. would like to acknowledge financial support from Industrial Facilities & Infrastructure Research Program (17IFIP-B065893-05) funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government. Y.-E.S. would like to acknowledge that this work was supported by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Republic of Korea (Project Code: IBS-R006-A2).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2020/7/21
Y1 - 2020/7/21
N2 - Recently developed electrochemical lithium recovery systems, whose operation principle mimics that of lithium-ion battery, enable selective recovery of lithium from source waters with a wide range of lithium ions (Li+) concentrations; however, physicochemical behaviors of the key component - Li+-selective electrode - in realistic operation conditions have been poorly understood. Herein, we report an investigation on a λ-MnO2 electrode during the electrochemical lithium recovery process with regards to the Li+ concentration in source water and operation rate of the system. Three distinctive stages of λ-MnO2 originating from different limiting factors for lithium recovery are defined with regard to the rate of Li+ supply from the electrolyte: depleted, transition, and saturated regions. By characterization of λ-MnO2 at different stages using diverse X-ray techniques, the importance of Li+ concentration in the vicinity of the electrode surface is revealed. On the basis of this understanding, increasing the density of the electrode/electrolyte interface is suggested as a realistic and general route to enhance the overall lithium recovery performance and is experimentally corroborated at a wide range of operation environments.
AB - Recently developed electrochemical lithium recovery systems, whose operation principle mimics that of lithium-ion battery, enable selective recovery of lithium from source waters with a wide range of lithium ions (Li+) concentrations; however, physicochemical behaviors of the key component - Li+-selective electrode - in realistic operation conditions have been poorly understood. Herein, we report an investigation on a λ-MnO2 electrode during the electrochemical lithium recovery process with regards to the Li+ concentration in source water and operation rate of the system. Three distinctive stages of λ-MnO2 originating from different limiting factors for lithium recovery are defined with regard to the rate of Li+ supply from the electrolyte: depleted, transition, and saturated regions. By characterization of λ-MnO2 at different stages using diverse X-ray techniques, the importance of Li+ concentration in the vicinity of the electrode surface is revealed. On the basis of this understanding, increasing the density of the electrode/electrolyte interface is suggested as a realistic and general route to enhance the overall lithium recovery performance and is experimentally corroborated at a wide range of operation environments.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85088495765&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.9b07646
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.9b07646
M3 - Article
C2 - 32545954
AN - SCOPUS:85088495765
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 54
SP - 9044
EP - 9051
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 14
ER -