Topical nanomedicines using lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and synthetic polymers for enhanced management of skin disorders

Background: The skin, as the largest organ, plays a critical role in protecting the body from environmental threats and maintaining physiological functions. However, when this barrier is compromised, various skin disorders can develop, including inflammatory conditions, infections, and impaired wound healing. Traditional treatments such as topical ointments and creams often present challenges including rapid drug release, localized irritation, and limited penetration into deeper skin layers. To address these issues, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution. These systems offer enhanced drug penetration and efficacy by overcoming the limitations of conventional formulations. Area Covered: This review explores the structure and function of the skin, the drawbacks of existing treatments, and advancements in nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We categorize nanoparticles into lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and synthetic polymers and discuss how they can improve skin disorder management. Expert Opinion: The review also highlights future research directions and challenges in the development of nanomedicines for skin disorders.