Thermodynamic Feasibility Evaluation of Alkaline Thermal Treatment Process for Hydrogen Production and Carbon Capture from Biomass by Process Modeling

Hydrogen is attracting attention as a low-carbon fuel. In particular, economical hydrogen production technologies without carbon emissions are gaining increasing attention. Recently, alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) has been proposed to reduce carbon emissions by capturing carbon in its solid phase during hydrogen production. By adding an alkali catalyst to the conventional thermochemical hydrogen production reaction, ATT enables carbon capture through the reaction of an alkali catalyst and carbon. In this study, a thermodynamic feasibility evaluation was carried out, and the effects of the process conditions for ATT with wheat straw grass (WSG) as biomass were investigated using Aspen Plus software V12.1. First, an ATT process model was developed, and basic thermodynamic equilibrium compositions were obtained in various conditions. Then, the effects of the process parameters of the reactor temperature and the mass ratio of NaOH/WSG (alkali/biomass, A/B value) were analyzed. Finally, the product gas compositions, process efficiency, and amount of carbon capture were evaluated. The results showed that the ATT process could be an efficient hydrogen production process with carbon capture, and the optimal process conditions were a reactor temperature of 800 °C, an A/B value of three, and a flow rate of steam of 6.9 × 10⁻⁵ L/min. Under these conditions, the maximum efficiency and the amount of carbon dioxide captured were 56.9% and 28.41 mmol/g WSG, respectively.