TY - JOUR
T1 - The Impact of Official Development Assistance on Carbon Emissions in Developing Countries
T2 - Implications for Mongolia
AU - Choi, Soowon
AU - Munkhsaikhan, Zoljargal
AU - Oh, Jinhwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Chulalongkorn University - Faculty of Architecture. All right reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Using comprehensive panel data covering 110 developing countries over four decades (1981–2020), this study asks the following questions: (1) Will carbon emissions naturally decrease as income levels in developing countries rise? and (2) How do financial resources reduce those emissions? The study finds that: 1) major carbon emissions are expected to decrease after countries reach a certain income threshold level, confirming the so-called Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis, with the turning point occurring between $26,884 and $38,674; and 2) both official development assistance (hereafter, ODA) disbursement in the energy sector and private investment are more effective in relatively lower income developing countries (a threshold of $6,343 and $7,806) where higher temperatures prevail. This means that, in colder and relatively higher-income (rapidly growing, per se) economies, ODA and private investment should serve as strategic complements to each other, facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships, including public-private partnerships, to address environmental degradation. In this regard, this article discusses the case of Mongolia.
AB - Using comprehensive panel data covering 110 developing countries over four decades (1981–2020), this study asks the following questions: (1) Will carbon emissions naturally decrease as income levels in developing countries rise? and (2) How do financial resources reduce those emissions? The study finds that: 1) major carbon emissions are expected to decrease after countries reach a certain income threshold level, confirming the so-called Environmental Kuznets Hypothesis, with the turning point occurring between $26,884 and $38,674; and 2) both official development assistance (hereafter, ODA) disbursement in the energy sector and private investment are more effective in relatively lower income developing countries (a threshold of $6,343 and $7,806) where higher temperatures prevail. This means that, in colder and relatively higher-income (rapidly growing, per se) economies, ODA and private investment should serve as strategic complements to each other, facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships, including public-private partnerships, to address environmental degradation. In this regard, this article discusses the case of Mongolia.
KW - carbon emission
KW - environmental Kuznets curve
KW - marginal effect
KW - official development assistance
KW - panel data
KW - private investment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85145474743&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.54028/NJ202221221
DO - 10.54028/NJ202221221
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85145474743
SN - 2672-9016
VL - 21
JO - Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning
JF - Nakhara: Journal of Environmental Design and Planning
IS - 3
M1 - 221
ER -