TEA-RC: Thread Context-Aware Register Cache for GPUs

Ipoom Jeong, Yunho Oh, Won Woo Ro, Myung Kuk Yoon

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Graphics processing units (GPUs) achieve high throughput by exploiting a high degree of thread-level parallelism (TLP). To support such high TLP, GPUs have a large-sized register file to store the context of all threads, consuming around 20% of total GPU energy. Several previous studies have attempted to minimize the energy consumption of the register file by implementing an emerging non-volatile memory (NVM), leveraging its higher density and lower leakage power over SRAMs. To amortize the cost of long access latency of NVM, prior work adopts a hierarchical register file consisting of an SRAM-based register cache and NVM-based registers where the register cache works as a write buffer. To get the register cache index, they use the partially selected bits of warp ID and register ID. This work observes that such an index calculation causes three types of contentions leading to the underutilization of the register cache: inter-warp, intra-warp, and false contentions. To minimize such contentions, this paper proposes a thread context-aware register cache (TEA-RC) in GPUs. In TEA-RC, the cache index is calculated considering the high correlation between the number of scheduled threads and the register usage of threads. The proposed design shows 28.5% higher performance and 9.1 percentage point lower energy consumption over the conventional register cache that concatenates three bits of warp ID and five bits of register ID to compute the cache index.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)82049-82062
Number of pages14
JournalIEEE Access
Volume10
DOIs
StatePublished - 2022

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.

Keywords

  • Graphics processing units
  • hierarchical register file
  • hybrid register file
  • non-volatile memory
  • register cache
  • register file
  • volatile memory

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