Synthetic RGDS peptide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting integrin signaled MAP kinase pathways

Background: Synthetic peptides containing the RGD sequence inhibit integrin-related functions in different cell systems. Here, we investigated the effects of synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) peptide on key inflammatory responses to intratracheal (i.t.) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and on the integrin signaled mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway during the development of acute lung injury.Methods: Saline or LPS (1.5 mg/kg) was administered i.t. with or without a single dose of RGDS (1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg, i.p.), anti-α_v or anti-β₃ mAb (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice were sacrificed 4 or 24 h post-LPS.Results: A pretreatment with RGDS inhibited LPS-induced increases in neutrophil and macrophage numbers, total protein levels and TNF-α and MIP-2 levels, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at 4 or 24 h post-LPS treatment. RGDS inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and MAP kinases, including ERK, JNK, and p38 MAP kinase, in lung tissue. Importantly, the inhibition of the inflammatory responses and the kinase pathways were still evident when this peptide was administered 2 h after LPS treatment. Similarly, a blocking antibody against integrin α_v significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cell migration into the lung, protein accumulation and proinflammatory mediator production in BAL fluid, at 4 or 24 h post-LPS. Anti-β₃ also inhibited all LPS-induced inflammatory responses, except the accumulation of BAL protein at 24 h post-LPS.Conclusion: These results suggest that RGDS with high specificity for α_vintegrins attenuates inflammatory cascade during LPS-induced development of acute lung injury.