Successful kidney transplantation after desensitization in a patient with positive flow crossmatching and donor-specific anti-HLA-DP antibody: A Case report

Background: Traditionally, the presence of antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C and DP was considered to be associated with only a low risk of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney transplantation (KT), because the antigenicities of these proteins are weak. However, the clinical effects of HLA-C and -DP donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSHAs) have recently been reevaluated. Methods: Here, we report the case of a retransplant patient with positive flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) and high level of HLA-DP DSHA who was desensitized using rituximab, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Results: The epitope-based antibody reactivity was identified that the positive B-cell FCXM in our patient was attributable to the specific epitope. The patient underwent a successful retransplantation and has continued to do well for 10 month after KT. Conclusion: If an HLA-DP DSHA is present, it is important to detect any mismatched HLA-DP epitope pretransplantation and to monitor HLA-DP levels carefully. According to previous reports, anti-HLA-DP DSHA can induce ABMR soon after transplantation, but such ABMR can be prevented by pretransplantation desensitization and careful monitoring of DSHA levels.