Abstract
Selective-area remote epitaxy (SA-REpi) is demonstrated for fabricating mechanically releasable position-controlled ZnO microrod (MR) arrays from donor wafers in an arrayed form. Intaglio-patterned graphene, consisting of basal single-layer graphene (SLG) overlayered with multilayer graphene (MLG) patterned with perforated holes, is transferred onto a GaN/Al2O3 wafer on which the hydrothermal synthesis is performed for growing ZnO MRs. The basal SLG area exposed through the MLG pattern yields ZnO MRs, whereas the MLG plateau inhibits the growth. The noncovalent remote epitaxial heterointerface enables the release of the MR overlayer in the arrayed form, and the original source wafer is refurbished for reproducibly repeating the SA-REpi. Density-functional theory calculations suggest that localized surface charge density is induced on the surface of SLG by the underlying GaN across ultrathin SLG, which possibly provides a driving force for precursor adatoms and the following remote epitaxy of ZnO. In contrast, the induction of the charge density redistribution does not clearly occur through MLG; so, that keeps the surface of MLG nearly charge-neutral. The diameter and spacing of ZnO MRs are controlled in a designed way by changing the pattern geometries. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the remote heteroepitaxial relationship at an atomic level. The remote epitaxy is expected to provide an ideal platform to transfer the addressable spatial arrays of nano- or micro-architecture semiconductor components to arbitrary target surfaces directly after the growth without the assembly procedures.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 8920-8930 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | ACS Applied Nano Materials |
Volume | 3 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 25 Sep 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was financially supported by the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2020R1F1A1074477) and Global Research and Development Center Program (2018K1A4A3A01064272) through the NRF of Korea. This work was also supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) grant funded by the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialist (P0012451) through the MOTIE of Korea. This research was performed in part at CINT, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences User Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). M.J.K. was supported in part by the Louis Beecherl, Jr. Endowment Funds.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
Keywords
- Remote epitaxy
- ZnO
- flexible device
- graphene
- hydrothermal growth
- selective-area epitaxy