Review of post-earthquake fire hazard to building structures

Fire following an earthquake is an important factor causing damage to buildings and life-line structures. Therefore, besides satisfying structural design requirements for normal loads, such as dead and live loads including the seismic hazard, buildings should also be designed to withstand the fire following earthquakes for a certain minimum duration as required for a desired level of performance. This period of time will allow occupants to evacuate the building safely and the emergency crews to cope with the fire. Also, it is essential to reduce the post-earthquake fire (PEF) ignitions and minimize the damage to active fire protection systems as much as possible to prevent the spread of fire. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review on the PEF hazard and discusses the causes, mitigation measures, and performance of building structures under this hazard. Mitigation measures that could be developed based on the experience from the structural engineering field are identified. Both local and global approaches that should be taken to mitigate the PEF hazard, including structural and nonstructural design, various urban planning aspects, and their interactive combinations, are discussed. Based on the review, it is concluded that that there is a strong need for the development of guidelines for structural fire safety design for PEF scenarios. In addition, appropriate analysis and numerical simulation techniques for the evaluation of the structural performance under earthquake-induced fire conditions need to be developed. It is also necessary to conduct experimental studies to validate such numerical models and refine them.