Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are thought to be byproducts of aerobic respiration with damaging effects on DNA, protein, and lipid. A growing body of evidence indicates, however, that ROS are involved in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and various cellular signaling pathways. ROS are generated from diverse sources including mitochondrial respiratory chain, enzymatic activation of cytochrome p450, and NADPH oxidases further suggesting involvement in a complex array of cellular processes. This review summarizes the production and function of ROS. In particular, how cytosolic and membrane proteins regulate ROS generation for intracellular redox signaling will be detailed.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 491-509 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | Molecules and Cells |
Volume | 32 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2011 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by B asic Science Research Program (2011-0025760 to YDY), by National Nuclear R&D Program (2011-0006304 to YDY), by the National Core Research Center (grant R15-2006-020-00000-0 to Y.S.B), by World Class University program (R31-2008-000-10010-0 to Y.S.B), by National Research Laboratory program (grant number ROA-2007-000-20004-00 to Y.S.B) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology/National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), and by a grant from the National R&D Program for Cancer Control, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs (1020180 to YDY). H.J.O is recipient of a B rain Korea 21 scholarship.
Keywords
- Apoptosis
- Cell signaling
- Cytochrome p450
- Mitochondria
- NADPH oxidase
- Reactive oxygen species