Preparations of MgO Nanoparticles by a Poly(acrylic acid)s Template-Assisted Method and Photovoltaic Performances of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells based on MgO lnterlayer

Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are commonly used to enhance the reactivity and performance of devices and systems in various applications, primarily due to the heat-resistance, binding, and alkaline properties of MgO. However, most of the methods used to synthesize MgO nanoparticles suffer from nonuniform particle size distributions that make it difficult to manufacture stable particles. In this study, uniform magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were developed for TiO₂ photoelectrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to enhance their interfacial resistances. The uniform MgO nanoparticles were synthesized from MgO 93% using a poly(acrylic acid) template-assisted method. The particle size and crystalline structure of MgO nanoparticles were characterized by NANOPHOX particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Multilayered TiO₂ photoelectrodes containing interlayers of MgO nanoparticles were fabricated as photoelectrodes for DSSC devices, and their photovoltaic performances were investigated. When the MgO interlayer was introduced into the multilayered TiO₂ photoelectrode, it not only increased the photocurrent value of the DSSC device but also improved its power conversion efficiency. The DSSC device containing the MgO interlayer and the scattering layer exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V, a short-circuit current density of 14.60 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 0.64 under a photointensity of 100 mW/cm² at AM 1.5, resulting in an overall solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.94%. The application of an MgO interlayer in a DSSC device exhibited improved conductivity, charge transfer ability, and excellent device performance.