TY - JOUR
T1 - Potential application of biomimetic exosomes in cardiovascular disease
T2 - focused on ischemic heart disease
AU - Kang, In Sook
AU - Kwon, Kihwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the The Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of the most promising strategies to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function via stem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvement in mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. The most salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to the paracrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are known as a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promising therapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargo and facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinical use of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operating procedures for exosome isolation and characterization, problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, the successful clinical application of exosomes requires strategies to optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce the elimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basic concept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease, and introduce current efforts to overcome the limitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes including engineered biomimetic exosomes. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(1): 30-38]
AB - Cardiovascular disease, especially ischemic heart disease, is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiac repair is one of the most promising strategies to address advanced cardiovascular diseases. Despite moderate improvement in heart function via stem cell therapy, there is no evidence of significant improvement in mortality and morbidity beyond standard therapy. The most salutary effect of stem cell therapy are attributed to the paracrine effects and the stem cell-derived exosomes are known as a major contributor. Hence, exosomes are emerging as a promising therapeutic agent and potent biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, they play a role as cellular cargo and facilitate intercellular communication. However, the clinical use of exosomes is hindered by the absence of a standard operating procedures for exosome isolation and characterization, problems related to yield, and heterogeneity. In addition, the successful clinical application of exosomes requires strategies to optimize cargo, improve targeted delivery, and reduce the elimination of exosomes. In this review, we discuss the basic concept of exosomes and stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular disease, and introduce current efforts to overcome the limitations and maximize the benefit of exosomes including engineered biomimetic exosomes. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(1): 30-38]
KW - Biomimetics
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Exosome
KW - Extracellular vesicles
KW - Regenerative medicine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123877973&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.1.161
DO - 10.5483/BMBRep.2022.55.1.161
M3 - Article
C2 - 34903320
AN - SCOPUS:85123877973
VL - 55
SP - 30
EP - 38
JO - BMB Reports
JF - BMB Reports
SN - 1976-6696
IS - 1
ER -