Pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy: The role of oxidative stress and protein kinase C

Hunjoo Ha, Kyung Hwan Kim

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

167 Scopus citations

Abstract

Hyperglycemia, a well recognized pathogenetic factor of long-term complications in diabetes mellitus, not only generates more reactive oxygen species but also attenuates antioxidative mechanisms through glycation of the scavenging enzymes. Therefore, oxidative stress has been considered to be a common pathogenetic factor of the diabetic complications including nephropathy. A causal relationship between oxidative stress and diabetic nephropathy has been established by observations that (1) lipid peroxides and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, indices of oxidative tissue injury, were increased in the kidneys of diabetic rats with albuminuria; (2) high glucose directly increases oxidative stress in glomerular mesangial cells, a target cell of diabetic nephropathy; (3) oxidative stress induces mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and fibronectin which are the genes implicated in diabetic glomerular injury, and (4) inhibition of oxidative stress ameliorates all the manifestations associated with diabetic nephropathy. Proposed mechanisms involved in oxidative stress associated with hyperglycemia are glucose autooxidation, the formation of advanced glycosylation end products, and metabolic stress resulting from hyperglycemia. Since the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) effectively blocks not only phorbol ester-induced but also high glucose- and H2O2-induced fibronectin production, the activation of PKC under diabetic conditions may also have a modulatory role in oxidative stress-induced renal injury in diabetes mellitus.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)147-151
Number of pages5
JournalDiabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume45
Issue number2-3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1999

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) Grant 94-0403-07-01-3. We are grateful to Professor Hi Bahl Lee, Hyonam Kidney Laboratory, Soon Chun Hyang University, for his continued interest in our work and constructive criticism.

Keywords

  • Diabetic nephropathy
  • Extracellular matrix
  • High glucose
  • Oxidative stress
  • Protein kinase C

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