TY - JOUR
T1 - Particulate nitrosamines and nitramines in Seoul and their major sources
T2 - Primary emission versus secondary formation
AU - Choi, Na Rae
AU - Ahn, Yun Gyong
AU - Lee, Ji Yi
AU - Kim, Eunhye
AU - Kim, Soontae
AU - Park, Seung Myung
AU - Song, In Ho
AU - Shin, Hye Jung
AU - Kim, Yong Pyo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society
PY - 2021/6/15
Y1 - 2021/6/15
N2 - Seven nitrosamines and three nitramines in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) collected in 2018 in Seoul, South Korea, were quantified. Annual mean concentrations of the sum of nitrosamines and nitramines were 9.81 ± 18.51 and 1.12 ± 0.70 ng/m3, respectively, and nitrosodi-methylamine (NDMA) and dimethyl-nitramine (DMN) comprised the largest portion of nitrosamines and nitramines, respectively. Statistical analyses such as nonparametric correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization, analysis of covariance, and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were carried out to identify contribution of the atmospheric reactions in producing NDMA and DMN. In addition, kinetic calculation using reaction information obtained from the previous chamber studies was performed to estimate concentrations of NDMA and DMN that might be produced from the atmospheric reactions. It was concluded that (1) the atmospheric reactions contributed to the concentrations of NDMA more than they did for those of DMN, (2) the contribution of atmospheric reactions to the concentrations of NDMA and DMN was significant due to high NO2 concentrations in winter, and (3) primary emissions predominantly affected the ambient concentrations of NDMA and DMN in spring, summer, and autumn.
AB - Seven nitrosamines and three nitramines in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) collected in 2018 in Seoul, South Korea, were quantified. Annual mean concentrations of the sum of nitrosamines and nitramines were 9.81 ± 18.51 and 1.12 ± 0.70 ng/m3, respectively, and nitrosodi-methylamine (NDMA) and dimethyl-nitramine (DMN) comprised the largest portion of nitrosamines and nitramines, respectively. Statistical analyses such as nonparametric correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization, analysis of covariance, and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis were carried out to identify contribution of the atmospheric reactions in producing NDMA and DMN. In addition, kinetic calculation using reaction information obtained from the previous chamber studies was performed to estimate concentrations of NDMA and DMN that might be produced from the atmospheric reactions. It was concluded that (1) the atmospheric reactions contributed to the concentrations of NDMA more than they did for those of DMN, (2) the contribution of atmospheric reactions to the concentrations of NDMA and DMN was significant due to high NO2 concentrations in winter, and (3) primary emissions predominantly affected the ambient concentrations of NDMA and DMN in spring, summer, and autumn.
KW - Amines
KW - Atmospheric reactions
KW - Kinetics
KW - Organic nitrogenous compounds
KW - Orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA)
KW - Primary emission
KW - Secondary organic aerosol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108303559&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.1c01503
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.1c01503
M3 - Article
C2 - 34041906
AN - SCOPUS:85108303559
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 55
SP - 7841
EP - 7849
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 12
ER -