Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: CODE-AF Registry

Purpose: Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, increases thromboem-bolic risk among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study examined the comparative safety and efficacy of direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) compared to warfarin or no oral anticoagulant (OAC) in AF patients with advanced CKD or ESRD on dialysis. Materials and Methods: Using data from the COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of AF (CODE-AF) registry, 260 non-valvular AF patients with advanced CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73/m²) or ESRD on dialysis were enrolled from June 2016 to July 2020. The study population was categorized into DOAC, warfarin, and no OAC groups; and differences in major or clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding, stroke/systemic embolism (SE), myocardial infarction/critical limb ischemia (CLI), and death were assessed. Results: During a median 24 months of follow-up, major or CRNM bleeding risk was significantly reduced in the DOAC group compared to the warfarin group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 0.93, p=0.043]. In addition, the risk of composite adverse clinical outcomes (major or CRNM bleeding, stroke/SE, myocardial infarction/CLI, and death) was significantly reduced in the DOAC group compared to the no OAC group (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.91, p=0.039). Conclusion: Among AF patients with advanced CKD or ESRD on dialysis, DOAC was associated with a lower risk of major or CRNM bleeding compared to warfarin and a lower risk of composite adverse clinical outcomes compared to no OAC. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02786095).