Abstract
Abstract Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) films were grown by electrochemical deposition, and we measured the work function of the as-grown and of the KCN-etched CZTS surfaces by using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and micro-Raman scattering spectroscopy with incident laser wavelengths of 488.0 and 632.8 nm, respectively, and the results indicate that a secondary phase formed at different depths. The KPFM measurements can discriminate phase uniformity at the nano-scale. Secondary phases, such as Cu2-xS (0<x<1), ZnS, and MoS2, were identified on the as-grown surface while Cu2-xS was removed from the KCN-etched surface. The KCN-etched CZTS absorption layer was measured to have a 5.0% conversion efficiency. Owing to the low cost of electrochemical deposition, it is desirable to obtain high tailored CZTS films can be obtained with the robust surface characteristics of a uniform work function with a single phase.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 7639 |
Pages (from-to) | 10-18 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells |
Volume | 139 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 2015 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords
- CuZnSnS
- Electrochemical deposition
- Kelvin probe force microscopy
- Raman scattering spectroscopy
- Secondary phases
- Work function