TY - JOUR
T1 - Need satisfaction and the self-regulation of learning
AU - Deci, Edward L.
AU - Ryan, Richard M.
AU - Williams, Geoffrey C.
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: Preparation of this article was supported by a research grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-19914) and by an individual NRSA from the National Cancer Institute (CA-60348).
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - Self-regulation is analyzed in terms of self-determination theory using the concepts of intrinsic motivation and the internalization of extrinsic motivation. Laboratory experiments and field studies are reviewed indicating that: (1) intrinsic motivation and fully internalized extrinsic motivation are positively associated with high quality learning and personal adjustment; and (2) maintaining intrinsic motivation and internalizing extrinsic motivation are facilitated by social contexts that allow satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Such contexts are ones that are characterized by the provision of choice, optimal challenge, informational feedback, interpersonal involvement, and acknowledgment of feelings.
AB - Self-regulation is analyzed in terms of self-determination theory using the concepts of intrinsic motivation and the internalization of extrinsic motivation. Laboratory experiments and field studies are reviewed indicating that: (1) intrinsic motivation and fully internalized extrinsic motivation are positively associated with high quality learning and personal adjustment; and (2) maintaining intrinsic motivation and internalizing extrinsic motivation are facilitated by social contexts that allow satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Such contexts are ones that are characterized by the provision of choice, optimal challenge, informational feedback, interpersonal involvement, and acknowledgment of feelings.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0030497225&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90013-8
DO - 10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90013-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0030497225
SN - 1041-6080
VL - 8
SP - 165
EP - 183
JO - Learning and Individual Differences
JF - Learning and Individual Differences
IS - 3
ER -