TY - JOUR
T1 - Methods for detection and measurement of hydrogen peroxide inside and outside of cells
AU - Rhee, Sue Goo
AU - Chang, Tong Shin
AU - Jeong, Woojin
AU - Kang, Dongmin
N1 - Funding Information:
Work in the authors’ laboratory was supported by a grant from the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation (Bio R&D program grant M10642040001-07N4204-00110 to S.G.R . and M10642040002-07N4204-00210 to W.J. and T.S.C.). We thank Sei Yoon Chu for assistance in preparing Figures.
PY - 2010/6
Y1 - 2010/6
N2 - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an incompletely reduced metabolite of oxygen that has a diverse array of physiological and pathological effects within living cells depending on the extent, timing, and location of its production. Characterization of the cellular functions of H2O 2 requires measurement of its concentration selectively in the presence of other oxygen metabolites and with spatial and temporal fidelity in live cells. For the measurement of H2O2 in biological fluids, several sensitive methods based on horseradish peroxidase and artificial substrates (such as Amplex Red and 3,5,3'5'-tetramethylbenzidine) or on ferrous oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange (FOX) have been developed. For measurement of intracellular H2O2, methods based on dihydro compounds such as 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein that fluoresce on oxidation are used widely because of their sensitivity and simplicity. However, such probes react with a variety of cellular oxidants including nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hypochloride in addition to H2O2. Deprotection reaction-based probes (PG1 and PC1) that fluoresce on H 2O2-specific removal of a boronate group rather than on nonspecific oxidation have recently been developed for selective measurement of H2O2 in cells. Furthermore, a new class of organelle-targetable fluorescent probes has been devised by joining PG1 to a substrate of SNAP-tag. Given that SNAP-tag can be genetically targeted to various subcellular organelles, localized accumulation of H2O 2 can be monitored with the use of SNAP-tag bioconjugation chemistry. However, given that both dihydro- and deprotection-based probes react irreversibly with H2O2, they cannot be used to monitor transient changes in H2O2 concentration. This drawback has been overcome with the development of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) probes, which are prepared by the introduction of two redox-sensitive cysteine residues into green fluorescent protein; the oxidation of these residues to form a disulfide results in a conformational change of the protein and altered fluorogenic properties. Such genetically encoded probes react reversibly with H2O2 and can be targeted to various compartments of the cell, but they are not selective for H2O 2 because disulfide formation in roGFP is promoted by various cellular oxidants. A new type of H2O2-selective, genetically encoded, and reversible fluorescent probe, named HyPer, was recently prepared by insertion of a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein (cpYFP) into the bacterial peroxide sensor protein OxyR.
AB - Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an incompletely reduced metabolite of oxygen that has a diverse array of physiological and pathological effects within living cells depending on the extent, timing, and location of its production. Characterization of the cellular functions of H2O 2 requires measurement of its concentration selectively in the presence of other oxygen metabolites and with spatial and temporal fidelity in live cells. For the measurement of H2O2 in biological fluids, several sensitive methods based on horseradish peroxidase and artificial substrates (such as Amplex Red and 3,5,3'5'-tetramethylbenzidine) or on ferrous oxidation in the presence of xylenol orange (FOX) have been developed. For measurement of intracellular H2O2, methods based on dihydro compounds such as 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein that fluoresce on oxidation are used widely because of their sensitivity and simplicity. However, such probes react with a variety of cellular oxidants including nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and hypochloride in addition to H2O2. Deprotection reaction-based probes (PG1 and PC1) that fluoresce on H 2O2-specific removal of a boronate group rather than on nonspecific oxidation have recently been developed for selective measurement of H2O2 in cells. Furthermore, a new class of organelle-targetable fluorescent probes has been devised by joining PG1 to a substrate of SNAP-tag. Given that SNAP-tag can be genetically targeted to various subcellular organelles, localized accumulation of H2O 2 can be monitored with the use of SNAP-tag bioconjugation chemistry. However, given that both dihydro- and deprotection-based probes react irreversibly with H2O2, they cannot be used to monitor transient changes in H2O2 concentration. This drawback has been overcome with the development of redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein (roGFP) probes, which are prepared by the introduction of two redox-sensitive cysteine residues into green fluorescent protein; the oxidation of these residues to form a disulfide results in a conformational change of the protein and altered fluorogenic properties. Such genetically encoded probes react reversibly with H2O2 and can be targeted to various compartments of the cell, but they are not selective for H2O 2 because disulfide formation in roGFP is promoted by various cellular oxidants. A new type of H2O2-selective, genetically encoded, and reversible fluorescent probe, named HyPer, was recently prepared by insertion of a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein (cpYFP) into the bacterial peroxide sensor protein OxyR.
KW - Amplex Red
KW - CM-DCFH-DA
KW - deprotection based fluorescent probe
KW - FOX method
KW - genetically encoded fluorescent probe
KW - hydrogen peroxide
KW - HyPer
KW - intracellular messenger
KW - OxyR-cpYFP fusion protein
KW - reactive oxygen species
KW - redox-sensitive green fluorescent protein
KW - roGFP
KW - SNAP-tag
KW - TMB
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77955048966&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10059-010-0082-3
DO - 10.1007/s10059-010-0082-3
M3 - Short survey
C2 - 20526816
AN - SCOPUS:77955048966
SN - 1016-8478
VL - 29
SP - 539
EP - 549
JO - Molecules and Cells
JF - Molecules and Cells
IS - 6
ER -