@article{42da7020653b4eac80ab292ac222e15c,
title = "Mechanisms of extrinsic alkali incorporation in CIGS solar cells on flexible polyimide elucidated by nanoscale and quantitative analyses",
abstract = "In this work, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells on polyimide (PI) substrates were fabricated using a low-temperature three-stage co-evaporation process. To enhance device performance, the CIGS films were extrinsically doped with alkali (Na and K) using an in-situ post deposition treatment (PDT). To account for mechanisms of extrinsic alkali incorporation in CIGS solar cells on flexible polyimide, the alkali dopant concentrations in the film bulk (intragrain and grain boundary) and the surface chemistries/band structures were quantitatively investigated with various advanced characterization methods. In addition, the effects of the PDT sequences on the resulting device performance were studied with a particular emphasis on the characteristics of CIGS surfaces. By controlling the alkali incorporation into the CIGS absorber films, flexible lightweight CIGS thin-film solar cells with an efficiency of approximately 19% were obtained.",
keywords = "Atom probe tomography, CIGS, Flexible, Polyimide, Solar cells",
author = "Kihwan Kim and Inyoung Jeong and Yunae Cho and Donghyeop Shin and Soomin Song and Ahn, {Seung Kyu} and Eo, {Young Joo} and Ara Cho and Chanwon Jung and William Jo and Kim, {Jin Hyeok} and Choi, {Pyuck Pa} and Jihye Gwak and Yun, {Jae Ho}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was financially supported by the Framework of the Research and Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) (grant no. B9-2411) and the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2016M1A2A2936753) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Republic of Korea. Funding Information: This research was financially supported by the Framework of the Research and Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) (grant no. B9-2411 ) and the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation of Korea (grant no. 2016M1A2A2936753 ) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT of Republic of Korea . Appendix A Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.104201",
language = "English",
volume = "67",
journal = "Nano Energy",
issn = "2211-2855",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}
