Major factors affecting the ambient particulate nitrate level at Gosan, Korea

N. K. Kim; Y. P. Kim

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.10.017

Major factors affecting the ambient particulate nitrate level at Gosan, Korea

N. K. Kim, Y. P. Kim

Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

Major factors that determine the ambient particulate nitrate concentration at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea are identified based on the inorganic ionic and elemental data in TSP and PM_2.5 measured between March 1998 and February 2003. It was found that the nitrate in TSP was highly correlated with crustal species such as nss-Ca²⁺ and nss-Mg²⁺, while nitrate in PM_2.5 was highly correlated with anthropogenic species such as NH₄⁺. In the high nitrate cases in TSP, the concentrations of crustal species and NH₄⁺ were high and the air parcels moved mostly from Mongolia. In the high nitrate cases in PM_2.5, the concentration of NH₄⁺ was high and the air parcels moves mostly from southern China. It was found that the air parcels were mainly from the Pacific Ocean for the low nitrate cases. Still there was significant number of the low nitrate cases with air parcels from Mongolia for both TSP and PM_2.5. In these cases, the concentrations of crustal species were low for TSP and those of NH₄⁺ were low for PM_2.5. Therefore, the most important factors that determined the level of nitrate were the concentration of crustal species for TSP and the concentration of NH₄⁺ for PM_2.5 irrespective of air parcel movement.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	104-114
Number of pages	11
Journal	Atmospheric Research
Volume	90
Issue number	2-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.10.017
State	Published - Nov 2008

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the National Research Lab. Program (No. R0A-2006-000-10221-0) and the SRC Program (the Climate Environment System Research Center). Also, the authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website ( http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html ) used in this publication.

Keywords

Backward trajectory analysis
Correlation
Factor analysis
Nitrate concentration
PM
TSP

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10.1016/j.atmosres.2007.10.017

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title = "Major factors affecting the ambient particulate nitrate level at Gosan, Korea",

abstract = "Major factors that determine the ambient particulate nitrate concentration at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea are identified based on the inorganic ionic and elemental data in TSP and PM2.5 measured between March 1998 and February 2003. It was found that the nitrate in TSP was highly correlated with crustal species such as nss-Ca2+ and nss-Mg2+, while nitrate in PM2.5 was highly correlated with anthropogenic species such as NH4+. In the high nitrate cases in TSP, the concentrations of crustal species and NH4+ were high and the air parcels moved mostly from Mongolia. In the high nitrate cases in PM2.5, the concentration of NH4+ was high and the air parcels moves mostly from southern China. It was found that the air parcels were mainly from the Pacific Ocean for the low nitrate cases. Still there was significant number of the low nitrate cases with air parcels from Mongolia for both TSP and PM2.5. In these cases, the concentrations of crustal species were low for TSP and those of NH4+ were low for PM2.5. Therefore, the most important factors that determined the level of nitrate were the concentration of crustal species for TSP and the concentration of NH4+ for PM2.5 irrespective of air parcel movement.",

keywords = "Backward trajectory analysis, Correlation, Factor analysis, Nitrate concentration, PM, TSP",

author = "Kim, {N. K.} and Kim, {Y. P.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the National Research Lab. Program (No. R0A-2006-000-10221-0) and the SRC Program (the Climate Environment System Research Center). Also, the authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website ( http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html ) used in this publication.",

year = "2008",

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AU - Kim, N. K.

AU - Kim, Y. P.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the National Research Lab. Program (No. R0A-2006-000-10221-0) and the SRC Program (the Climate Environment System Research Center). Also, the authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website ( http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html ) used in this publication.

PY - 2008/11

Y1 - 2008/11

N2 - Major factors that determine the ambient particulate nitrate concentration at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea are identified based on the inorganic ionic and elemental data in TSP and PM2.5 measured between March 1998 and February 2003. It was found that the nitrate in TSP was highly correlated with crustal species such as nss-Ca2+ and nss-Mg2+, while nitrate in PM2.5 was highly correlated with anthropogenic species such as NH4+. In the high nitrate cases in TSP, the concentrations of crustal species and NH4+ were high and the air parcels moved mostly from Mongolia. In the high nitrate cases in PM2.5, the concentration of NH4+ was high and the air parcels moves mostly from southern China. It was found that the air parcels were mainly from the Pacific Ocean for the low nitrate cases. Still there was significant number of the low nitrate cases with air parcels from Mongolia for both TSP and PM2.5. In these cases, the concentrations of crustal species were low for TSP and those of NH4+ were low for PM2.5. Therefore, the most important factors that determined the level of nitrate were the concentration of crustal species for TSP and the concentration of NH4+ for PM2.5 irrespective of air parcel movement.

AB - Major factors that determine the ambient particulate nitrate concentration at Gosan, Jeju Island, Korea are identified based on the inorganic ionic and elemental data in TSP and PM2.5 measured between March 1998 and February 2003. It was found that the nitrate in TSP was highly correlated with crustal species such as nss-Ca2+ and nss-Mg2+, while nitrate in PM2.5 was highly correlated with anthropogenic species such as NH4+. In the high nitrate cases in TSP, the concentrations of crustal species and NH4+ were high and the air parcels moved mostly from Mongolia. In the high nitrate cases in PM2.5, the concentration of NH4+ was high and the air parcels moves mostly from southern China. It was found that the air parcels were mainly from the Pacific Ocean for the low nitrate cases. Still there was significant number of the low nitrate cases with air parcels from Mongolia for both TSP and PM2.5. In these cases, the concentrations of crustal species were low for TSP and those of NH4+ were low for PM2.5. Therefore, the most important factors that determined the level of nitrate were the concentration of crustal species for TSP and the concentration of NH4+ for PM2.5 irrespective of air parcel movement.

KW - Backward trajectory analysis

KW - Correlation

KW - Factor analysis

KW - Nitrate concentration

KW - PM

KW - TSP

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M3 - Article

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EP - 114

JO - Atmospheric Research

JF - Atmospheric Research

IS - 2-4

ER -

Major factors affecting the ambient particulate nitrate level at Gosan, Korea

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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