Instructional methods for CSCL: Review of case studies

The purpose of the present study is to provide instructional methods for collaborative learning in computer-supported learning environments which would be useful information for CSCL researchers, instructional designers, and online instructors. Although several researchers have provided instructional design theories and guidelines for collaborative learning in traditional classroom environments, there are a few instructional design studies developed specifically for collaboration in online learning environments. This study critically reviewed and analyzed ten case studies to identify instructional goals, methods, effectiveness, and conditions of collaborative online learning. Twenty-three methods identified from the synthesis and comparison of cases were grouped into five categories representing commonalities: a) grouping, b) collaborative tasks, c) team-building, d) computer-mediated communication, and e) instructor. It appeared that while some methods are equally important for both face-to-face and computer-supported learning environments, instructional methods related to group composition, synchronous interaction, and communication modes are particularly critical for collaborative online learning.