Insertable Fast-Response Amperometric NO/CO Dual Microsensor: Study of Neurovascular Coupling during Acutely Induced Seizures of Rat Brain Cortex

This paper reports the fabrication of an insertable amperometric dual microsensor and its application for the simultaneous and fast sensing of NO and CO during acutely induced seizures of living rat brain cortex. NO and CO are important signaling mediators, controlling cerebrovascular tone. The dual NO/CO sensor is prepared based on a dual microelectrode having Au-deposited Pt microdisk (WE1, 76 μm diameter) and Pt black-deposited Pt disk (WE2, 50 μm diameter). The different deposited metals for WE1 and WE2 allow the selective anodic detection of CO at WE1 (+0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) and that of NO at WE2 (+0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl) with sufficient sensitivity. Fluorinated xerogel coating on this dual electrode provides exclusive selectivity over common biological interferents, along with fast response time. The miniaturized size (end plane diameter < 300 μm) and tapered needle-like sensor geometry make the sensor become insertable into biological tissues. The sensor is applied to simultaneously monitor dynamic changes of NO and CO levels in a living rat brain under acute seizure condition induced by 4-aminopyridine in cortical tissue near the area of seizure induction. In-tissue measurement shows clearly defined patterns of NO/CO changes, directly correlated with observed LFP signal. Current study verifies the feasibility of a newly developed NO/CO dual sensor for real-time fast monitoring of intimately connected NO and CO dynamics.