TY - JOUR
T1 - Indoor particulate matter and blood heavy metals in housewives
T2 - A repeated measured study
AU - Lee, Dong Wook
AU - Oh, Jongmin
AU - Ye, Shinhee
AU - Kwag, Youngrin
AU - Yang, Wonho
AU - Kim, Yangho
AU - Ha, Eunhee
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the National Strategic Project-Fine particle of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), the Ministry of Environment (ME), and the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) ( NRF-2017M3D8A1092010 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Background: Particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 μm in diameter and 10 μm (PM10) contains heavy metals, but whether exposure to PM is significantly associated with the burden of heavy metal exposure in the population is unknown. We investigated the association between exposure to PM and blood concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in Korean housewives. Materials & Methods: From July 2017 to January 2020, we recruited 115 housewives in Ulsan, Republic of Korea. After excluding participants with missing information, we finally included 88 Korean housewives in our study. We measured the concentrations of indoor PM using a gravimetric method 24 h before blood sampling and the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in blood, twice at a 1-year interval. We used a linear mixed effect model to estimate the associations between indoor PM and blood heavy metals. Results: Exposure to PM10 was significantly associated with blood concentrations of Cd among Korean housewives. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 the previous day was associated with a 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1%, 4.6%) and a 1.5% (95% CI = −0.1%, 3.1%) increase in blood concentrations of Cd and Pb in the linear mixed effect model, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant association between indoor PM exposure and blood Cd concentrations among Korean housewives. This result suggests that the body burden of heavy metals is significantly associated with air pollution.
AB - Background: Particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5 μm in diameter and 10 μm (PM10) contains heavy metals, but whether exposure to PM is significantly associated with the burden of heavy metal exposure in the population is unknown. We investigated the association between exposure to PM and blood concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in Korean housewives. Materials & Methods: From July 2017 to January 2020, we recruited 115 housewives in Ulsan, Republic of Korea. After excluding participants with missing information, we finally included 88 Korean housewives in our study. We measured the concentrations of indoor PM using a gravimetric method 24 h before blood sampling and the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Hg in blood, twice at a 1-year interval. We used a linear mixed effect model to estimate the associations between indoor PM and blood heavy metals. Results: Exposure to PM10 was significantly associated with blood concentrations of Cd among Korean housewives. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 the previous day was associated with a 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1%, 4.6%) and a 1.5% (95% CI = −0.1%, 3.1%) increase in blood concentrations of Cd and Pb in the linear mixed effect model, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant association between indoor PM exposure and blood Cd concentrations among Korean housewives. This result suggests that the body burden of heavy metals is significantly associated with air pollution.
KW - Air pollution
KW - Cadmium
KW - Environmental exposure
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Particulate matter
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102628333&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111013
DO - 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111013
M3 - Article
C2 - 33716025
AN - SCOPUS:85102628333
SN - 0013-9351
VL - 197
JO - Environmental Research
JF - Environmental Research
M1 - 111013
ER -