In Situ Linker of Protein for the Immobilization on the Carbon-Based Sensor Materials

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotube exhibit high electrical conductivity when used as sensors. By integrating carbon-based nanomaterials with biomaterials such as receptors and antibodies, it is possible to develop a nanobiosensor that combines the high sensitivity of carbon nanomaterials with the high selectivity of biomaterials. Achieving this requires effective immobilization technology between carbon-based materials and biomaterials, commonly utilizing linker-based methods such as pyrene-based linkers or surface modification of carbon-based materials. In this study, we developed an amino acid tag that can be immobilized on carbon-based nanomaterials without the need for a linker, utilizing the amino acid tag inherent in the biological material itself. The developed amino acid tag demonstrated strong binding affinity to carbon-based nanomaterials without compromising the productivity of the biomaterials. Additionally, single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies containing an amino acid tag for immobilization were effectively bound to the surface of graphene sheets without significantly impeding productivity.