Identifying Critical Risk Factors and Management Activities for Effective Offsite Construction Projects during Construction Phase

Off-site construction (OSC) has been drawing attention as a solution to the internal and external problems that the construction industry is facing. This study identified and analyzed the critical risk factors and activities to manage during OSC project execution, including production, transportation, assembly, and integration. Twelve critical risk factors and 50 management activities were derived from the existing literature. OSC experts scored each attribute's importance and performance, and reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha. Results represented by an importance and performance analysis (IPA) matrix showed low performance and high importance of OSC projects. Poor human resources management had the highest importance, whereas lifting error had the highest performance. Production planning error ranked lowest in both importance and performance. Hence, OSC projects need to improve performance further, and intensive management should be used to minimize the performance-importance imbalance.