Identification of subtypes in subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and its clinical and socioeconomic implications

Jin Hwa Lee; Chin Kook Rhee; Kyungjoo Kim; Jee Ae Kim; Sang Hyun Kim; Kwang Ha Yoo; Woo Jin Kim; Yong Bum Park; Hye Yun Park; Ki Suck Jung

doi:10.2147/COPD.S130140

Identification of subtypes in subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and its clinical and socioeconomic implications

Jin Hwa Lee, Chin Kook Rhee, Kyungjoo Kim, Jee Ae Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Kwang Ha Yoo, Woo Jin Kim, Yong Bum Park, Hye Yun Park, Ki Suck Jung

Department of Internal Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and to appreciate their clinical and socioeconomic implications. Methods: Subjects who were aged ≥20 years and had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) ≥60% predicted and FEV₁/forced vital capacity <0.7 were selected from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2007–2012. The data were merged to the National Health Insurance reimbursement database during the same period. k-Means clustering was performed to explore subtypes. For clustering analysis, six key input variables – age, body mass index (BMI), FEV₁% predicted, the presence or absence of self-reported wheezing, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking – were selected. Results: Among a total of 2,140 subjects, five groups were identified through k-means clustering, namely putative “near-normal (n=232),” “asthmatic (n=392),” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=37),” “asthmatic-overlap (n=893),” and “COPD-overlap (n=586)” subtypes. Near-normal group showed the oldest mean age (72±7 years) and highest FEV₁ (102%±8% predicted), and asthmatic group was the youngest (46±9 years). COPD and COPD-overlap groups were male predominant and all current or ex-smokers. While asthmatic group had the lowest prescription rate despite the highest proportion of self-reported wheezing, COPD, asthmatic-overlap, and COPD-overlap groups showed high prescription rate of respiratory medicine. Although COPD group formed only 1.7% of total subjects, they showed the highest mean medical cost and health care utilization, comprising 5.3% of the total medical cost. When calculating a ratio of total medical expense to household income, the mean ratio was highest in the COPD group. Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological heterogeneities of subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and a different level of health care utilization by each subtype are shown. Identification of a subtype with high health care demand could be a priority for effective utilization of limited resources.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1135-1144
Number of pages	10
Journal	International Journal of COPD
Volume	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S130140
State	Published - 12 Apr 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014-E33003-00) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2010-0027945). HIRA provided the NHI claim database and merged them with data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). The abstract of this article was presented at the XXIV World Allergy Congress (WAC), the 21st Congress of Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (APSR), the Chest 2016 Annual Meeting, as a poster presentation with interim findings. The poster’s abstract was published in “Poster Abstracts” in Respirology: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.12706_4/ full, and Chest: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/ article.aspx?articleID=2568574.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Lee et al.

Keywords

Asthma
COPD
Cluster
Health care utilization
Overlap
Phenotype

Access to Document

10.2147/COPD.S130140

Cite this

@article{874130d49edd4c3b854eac6ed50ca28f,

title = "Identification of subtypes in subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and its clinical and socioeconomic implications",

abstract = "Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and to appreciate their clinical and socioeconomic implications. Methods: Subjects who were aged ≥20 years and had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥60% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity <0.7 were selected from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2007–2012. The data were merged to the National Health Insurance reimbursement database during the same period. k-Means clustering was performed to explore subtypes. For clustering analysis, six key input variables – age, body mass index (BMI), FEV1% predicted, the presence or absence of self-reported wheezing, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking – were selected. Results: Among a total of 2,140 subjects, five groups were identified through k-means clustering, namely putative “near-normal (n=232),” “asthmatic (n=392),” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=37),” “asthmatic-overlap (n=893),” and “COPD-overlap (n=586)” subtypes. Near-normal group showed the oldest mean age (72±7 years) and highest FEV1 (102%±8% predicted), and asthmatic group was the youngest (46±9 years). COPD and COPD-overlap groups were male predominant and all current or ex-smokers. While asthmatic group had the lowest prescription rate despite the highest proportion of self-reported wheezing, COPD, asthmatic-overlap, and COPD-overlap groups showed high prescription rate of respiratory medicine. Although COPD group formed only 1.7% of total subjects, they showed the highest mean medical cost and health care utilization, comprising 5.3% of the total medical cost. When calculating a ratio of total medical expense to household income, the mean ratio was highest in the COPD group. Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological heterogeneities of subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and a different level of health care utilization by each subtype are shown. Identification of a subtype with high health care demand could be a priority for effective utilization of limited resources.",

keywords = "Asthma, COPD, Cluster, Health care utilization, Overlap, Phenotype",

author = "Lee, {Jin Hwa} and Rhee, {Chin Kook} and Kyungjoo Kim and Kim, {Jee Ae} and Kim, {Sang Hyun} and Yoo, {Kwang Ha} and Kim, {Woo Jin} and Park, {Yong Bum} and Park, {Hye Yun} and Jung, {Ki Suck}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014-E33003-00) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2010-0027945). HIRA provided the NHI claim database and merged them with data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). The abstract of this article was presented at the XXIV World Allergy Congress (WAC), the 21st Congress of Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (APSR), the Chest 2016 Annual Meeting, as a poster presentation with interim findings. The poster{\textquoteright}s abstract was published in “Poster Abstracts” in Respirology: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.12706_4/ full, and Chest: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/ article.aspx?articleID=2568574. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Lee et al.",

year = "2017",

month = apr,

day = "12",

doi = "10.2147/COPD.S130140",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "1135--1144",

journal = "International Journal of COPD",

issn = "1176-9106",

publisher = "Dove Medical Press Ltd.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Identification of subtypes in subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and its clinical and socioeconomic implications

AU - Lee, Jin Hwa

AU - Rhee, Chin Kook

AU - Kim, Kyungjoo

AU - Kim, Jee Ae

AU - Kim, Sang Hyun

AU - Yoo, Kwang Ha

AU - Kim, Woo Jin

AU - Park, Yong Bum

AU - Park, Hye Yun

AU - Jung, Ki Suck

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by the Research Program funded by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014-E33003-00) and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2010-0027945). HIRA provided the NHI claim database and merged them with data from the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES). The abstract of this article was presented at the XXIV World Allergy Congress (WAC), the 21st Congress of Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (APSR), the Chest 2016 Annual Meeting, as a poster presentation with interim findings. The poster’s abstract was published in “Poster Abstracts” in Respirology: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.12706_4/ full, and Chest: http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/ article.aspx?articleID=2568574. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Lee et al.

PY - 2017/4/12

Y1 - 2017/4/12

N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and to appreciate their clinical and socioeconomic implications. Methods: Subjects who were aged ≥20 years and had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥60% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity <0.7 were selected from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2007–2012. The data were merged to the National Health Insurance reimbursement database during the same period. k-Means clustering was performed to explore subtypes. For clustering analysis, six key input variables – age, body mass index (BMI), FEV1% predicted, the presence or absence of self-reported wheezing, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking – were selected. Results: Among a total of 2,140 subjects, five groups were identified through k-means clustering, namely putative “near-normal (n=232),” “asthmatic (n=392),” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=37),” “asthmatic-overlap (n=893),” and “COPD-overlap (n=586)” subtypes. Near-normal group showed the oldest mean age (72±7 years) and highest FEV1 (102%±8% predicted), and asthmatic group was the youngest (46±9 years). COPD and COPD-overlap groups were male predominant and all current or ex-smokers. While asthmatic group had the lowest prescription rate despite the highest proportion of self-reported wheezing, COPD, asthmatic-overlap, and COPD-overlap groups showed high prescription rate of respiratory medicine. Although COPD group formed only 1.7% of total subjects, they showed the highest mean medical cost and health care utilization, comprising 5.3% of the total medical cost. When calculating a ratio of total medical expense to household income, the mean ratio was highest in the COPD group. Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological heterogeneities of subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and a different level of health care utilization by each subtype are shown. Identification of a subtype with high health care demand could be a priority for effective utilization of limited resources.

AB - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify subtypes in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and to appreciate their clinical and socioeconomic implications. Methods: Subjects who were aged ≥20 years and had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥60% predicted and FEV1/forced vital capacity <0.7 were selected from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2007–2012. The data were merged to the National Health Insurance reimbursement database during the same period. k-Means clustering was performed to explore subtypes. For clustering analysis, six key input variables – age, body mass index (BMI), FEV1% predicted, the presence or absence of self-reported wheezing, smoking status, and pack-years of smoking – were selected. Results: Among a total of 2,140 subjects, five groups were identified through k-means clustering, namely putative “near-normal (n=232),” “asthmatic (n=392),” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=37),” “asthmatic-overlap (n=893),” and “COPD-overlap (n=586)” subtypes. Near-normal group showed the oldest mean age (72±7 years) and highest FEV1 (102%±8% predicted), and asthmatic group was the youngest (46±9 years). COPD and COPD-overlap groups were male predominant and all current or ex-smokers. While asthmatic group had the lowest prescription rate despite the highest proportion of self-reported wheezing, COPD, asthmatic-overlap, and COPD-overlap groups showed high prescription rate of respiratory medicine. Although COPD group formed only 1.7% of total subjects, they showed the highest mean medical cost and health care utilization, comprising 5.3% of the total medical cost. When calculating a ratio of total medical expense to household income, the mean ratio was highest in the COPD group. Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological heterogeneities of subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and a different level of health care utilization by each subtype are shown. Identification of a subtype with high health care demand could be a priority for effective utilization of limited resources.

KW - Asthma

KW - COPD

KW - Cluster

KW - Health care utilization

KW - Overlap

KW - Phenotype

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85018490586&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.2147/COPD.S130140

DO - 10.2147/COPD.S130140

M3 - Article

C2 - 28442900

AN - SCOPUS:85018490586

SN - 1176-9106

VL - 12

SP - 1135

EP - 1144

JO - International Journal of COPD

JF - International Journal of COPD

ER -

Identification of subtypes in subjects with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation and its clinical and socioeconomic implications

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this