TY - JOUR
T1 - Ice Recrystallization Inhibition Using l -Alanine/ l -Lysine Copolymers
AU - Park, Soyeon
AU - Piao, Zhengyu
AU - Park, Jin Kyung
AU - Lee, Hyun Jung
AU - Jeong, Byeongmoon
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (2020R1A2C2007101 and 2017R1A5A1015365) and Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1A6C 101B194). S.P. and Z.P. equally contributed to the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/4/8
Y1 - 2022/4/8
N2 - Recently, poly(l-alanine-co-l-lysine) (PAK) was reported to exhibit an ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity comparable to that of poly(vinyl alcohol), which has the highest IRI activity among synthetic polymers (ACS Macro Lett. 2021, 10, 1436-1442). As a continuation of the study, we synthesized a series of PAK copolymers to investigate the structure-property relationship of PAK on the IRI activity and its mechanism by varying the (1) composition of the l-alanine/l-lysine (A/K) ratio among 0/100, 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 and (2) molecular weight of PAK among 4, 9, and 15 kDa at a fixed 50/50 ratio of A/K. As the hydrophobic l-alanine composition of PAK increased from 0 to 70%, the mean largest grain size (MLGS) relative to phosphate-buffered saline decreased from 74 to 11% at 1.0 mg/mL. As the molecular weight of PAK increased from 4 to 15 kDa, the MLGS decreased from 32 to 15% at 1.0 mg/mL. The ice nucleation temperature decreased as the hydrophobic l-alanine composition and the molecular weight of PAK increased. The thermal hysteresis (TH) of PAK was about 0.05 °C at 1.0 mg/mL and increased to 0.2 °C as the molecular weight increased from 4 to 15 kDa. The ice crystal size of ice cream showed a similar trend to IRI activity. To understand the underlying chemistry of the IRI effect of PAK, circular dichroism spectroscopy, a dynamic ice shaping study, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were carried out. These studies suggest that the α-helicity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, molecular weight of PAK, and extent of interactions between polymers and ice crystals are related to the IRI activity, which extends to ice nucleation inhibition, TH of ice formation, ice shaping, and even the ice crystal size of ice cream.
AB - Recently, poly(l-alanine-co-l-lysine) (PAK) was reported to exhibit an ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) activity comparable to that of poly(vinyl alcohol), which has the highest IRI activity among synthetic polymers (ACS Macro Lett. 2021, 10, 1436-1442). As a continuation of the study, we synthesized a series of PAK copolymers to investigate the structure-property relationship of PAK on the IRI activity and its mechanism by varying the (1) composition of the l-alanine/l-lysine (A/K) ratio among 0/100, 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 and (2) molecular weight of PAK among 4, 9, and 15 kDa at a fixed 50/50 ratio of A/K. As the hydrophobic l-alanine composition of PAK increased from 0 to 70%, the mean largest grain size (MLGS) relative to phosphate-buffered saline decreased from 74 to 11% at 1.0 mg/mL. As the molecular weight of PAK increased from 4 to 15 kDa, the MLGS decreased from 32 to 15% at 1.0 mg/mL. The ice nucleation temperature decreased as the hydrophobic l-alanine composition and the molecular weight of PAK increased. The thermal hysteresis (TH) of PAK was about 0.05 °C at 1.0 mg/mL and increased to 0.2 °C as the molecular weight increased from 4 to 15 kDa. The ice crystal size of ice cream showed a similar trend to IRI activity. To understand the underlying chemistry of the IRI effect of PAK, circular dichroism spectroscopy, a dynamic ice shaping study, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were carried out. These studies suggest that the α-helicity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, molecular weight of PAK, and extent of interactions between polymers and ice crystals are related to the IRI activity, which extends to ice nucleation inhibition, TH of ice formation, ice shaping, and even the ice crystal size of ice cream.
KW - cryoprotection
KW - helicity
KW - hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance
KW - ice recrystallization inhibition
KW - poly(l -alanine-co- l -lysine)
KW - structure-property relationship
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127989301&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsapm.2c00174
DO - 10.1021/acsapm.2c00174
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85127989301
VL - 4
SP - 2896
EP - 2907
JO - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
JF - ACS Applied Polymer Materials
SN - 2637-6105
IS - 4
ER -