Histomorphometric study on healing of critical sized defect in rat calvaria using three different bovine grafts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a new xenograft material Ti-Oss®(Chiyewon, Guri, Korea) by investigating the degree of new bone formation compared with that of other commonly used xenografts Bio-Oss®(Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) and OCS-B®(NIBEC, Seoul, Korea). Forty rats were used in the study. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 animals each. The Group 1's calvarial defect was untreated, Group 2's defect was filled with Bio-Oss®(Geistlich Pharma AG), Group 3's defect was filled with OCS-B®(NIBEC), and Group 4's defect was filled with Ti-Oss®(Chiyewon). The animals were sacrificed at 2 (n=5) and 8 (n=5) weeks for histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphometric analysis showed the statistically significant difference between the groups with a mean bone formation of 0.35±0.10 mm (8.75%) for Bio-Oss® group, 0.19±0.04 mm (4.75%) for OCS-B® group, 0.26±0.04 mm (6.5%) for Ti-Oss® group at 2 week healing period. At 8 weeks, a mean bone formation of 1.93±0.18 mm (48.25%) for Bio-Oss® group, 1.12±0.11 mm (28%) for OCS-B® group, 1.50±0.28 mm (37.5%) for Ti-Oss® group showed the statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Within the limits of present study, it was concluded that the newly investigated xenograft, Ti-Oss®, revealed biocompatibility and effectiveness in bone formation. Ti-Oss® could be proposed as a potential material for filling osseous defects. Further clinical trials of the new bovine xenograft Ti-Oss® are needed for an understanding its relevance in dentistry.