TY - JOUR
T1 - Hierarchical Blockchain-Based Group and Group Key Management Scheme Exploiting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Urban Computing
AU - Heo, Gabin
AU - Chae, Kijoon
AU - Doh, Inshil
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant through the Korea Government, Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), under Grant NRF-2019R1F1A1063194 and Grant NRF-2020R1A2C1006497.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IEEE.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - In urban computing composed of various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data is collected from IoT as learning data for other IoT devices in a circular structure. Therefore, data are shared resources and crucial in urban computing. In particular, group communication is essential for effective data sharing and for updating software in an IoT system. However, changing the group key is imperative for data security in group communication whenever the group member changes. When the movement of IoTs is high, group key redistribution must be repeated because the group membership keeps changing. In changing and redistributing the group keys, overhead occurs, inevitably degrading system performance. In addition, since much data traffic generates in IoT devices' crowded areas, transmission delay and data loss could degrade system performance. Due to IoT's low-power and low-capacity characteristics, one-to-one communication is inefficient, requiring efficient group management and group key management. This work proposes a hierarchical blockchain-based group and group key management scheme to establish an efficient communication environment in urban computing. We adopted blockchains to track the movement and density of IoT and secure node authorization. Using the upper layer blockchain, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) determines the movement and density of IoTs. Using the lower-layer blockchain, base stations (BSs) identify the IoT's movement of information in each group. We included only nodes determined to be safe in the group. Through the hierarchical blockchain, while protecting the IoT's privacy, we can record the information in the blockchain to determine the mobility of nodes and the node density of a group. We set several experimental environments, and analyzed the efficiency by simulating the addition of secondary gateways and group integration. As a result, we showed that our proposal establishes an efficient communication environment and reduces computational and communication overhead.
AB - In urban computing composed of various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data is collected from IoT as learning data for other IoT devices in a circular structure. Therefore, data are shared resources and crucial in urban computing. In particular, group communication is essential for effective data sharing and for updating software in an IoT system. However, changing the group key is imperative for data security in group communication whenever the group member changes. When the movement of IoTs is high, group key redistribution must be repeated because the group membership keeps changing. In changing and redistributing the group keys, overhead occurs, inevitably degrading system performance. In addition, since much data traffic generates in IoT devices' crowded areas, transmission delay and data loss could degrade system performance. Due to IoT's low-power and low-capacity characteristics, one-to-one communication is inefficient, requiring efficient group management and group key management. This work proposes a hierarchical blockchain-based group and group key management scheme to establish an efficient communication environment in urban computing. We adopted blockchains to track the movement and density of IoT and secure node authorization. Using the upper layer blockchain, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) determines the movement and density of IoTs. Using the lower-layer blockchain, base stations (BSs) identify the IoT's movement of information in each group. We included only nodes determined to be safe in the group. Through the hierarchical blockchain, while protecting the IoT's privacy, we can record the information in the blockchain to determine the mobility of nodes and the node density of a group. We set several experimental environments, and analyzed the efficiency by simulating the addition of secondary gateways and group integration. As a result, we showed that our proposal establishes an efficient communication environment and reduces computational and communication overhead.
KW - Group management
KW - Internet of Things
KW - blockchain
KW - data security
KW - group key management
KW - privacy
KW - unmanned aerial vehicle
KW - urban computing
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126277830&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3157753
DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3157753
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85126277830
VL - 10
SP - 27990
EP - 28003
JO - IEEE Access
JF - IEEE Access
SN - 2169-3536
ER -