Graphene nano-electromechanical mass sensor with high resolution at room temperature

Dong Hoon Shin; Hakseong Kim; Sung Hyun Kim; Hyeonsik Cheong; Peter G. Steeneken; Chirlmin Joo; Sang Wook Lee

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.105958

Graphene nano-electromechanical mass sensor with high resolution at room temperature

Dong Hoon Shin, Hakseong Kim, Sung Hyun Kim, Hyeonsik Cheong, Peter G. Steeneken, Chirlmin Joo, Sang Wook Lee

Department of Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

The inherent properties of 2D materials—light mass, high out-of-plane flexibility, and large surface area—promise great potential for precise and accurate nanomechanical mass sensing, but their application is often hampered by surface contamination. Here we demonstrate a tri-layer graphene nanomechanical resonant mass sensor with sub-attogram resolution at room temperature, fabricated by a bottom-up process. We found that Joule-heating is effective in cleaning the graphene membrane surface, which results in a large improvement in the stability of the resonance frequency. We characterized the sensor by depositing Cr metal using a stencil mask and found a mass-resolution that is sufficient to weigh very small particles, like large proteins and protein complexes, with potential applications in the fields of nanobiology and medicine.

Original language	English
Article number	105958
Journal	iScience
Volume	26
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.105958
State	Published - 17 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
S.W.L. and C.J. were supported by Human Frontier Science Program ( RGP00026/2019 ). S.W.L was supported by the Basic Science Research Program ( NRF-2022R1A2B5B01001640 , NRF-2021R1A6A1A10039823 ) and Global Research and Development Center Program ( NRF-2018K1A4A3A01064272 ) through the National Research Foundation of Korea ( NRF ). P.G.S. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 881603 (Graphene Flagship). D.H.S acknowledges support from Basic Science Research Program ( NRF-2017R1D1A1B03035727 ) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education and the KIND fellowship program at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft .

Funding Information:
S.W.L. and C.J. were supported by Human Frontier Science Program (RGP00026/2019). S.W.L was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2022R1A2B5B01001640, NRF-2021R1A6A1A10039823) and Global Research and Development Center Program (NRF-2018K1A4A3A01064272) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). P.G.S. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 881603 (Graphene Flagship). D.H.S acknowledges support from Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03035727) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education and the KIND fellowship program at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft. D.H.S. H.K. and S.W.L. conceived the study. H.K. and D.H.S. obtained and analyzed the data. D.H.S. H.K. S.H.K. H.C. C.J. P.G.S. and S.W.L. discussed the data and wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s)

Keywords

Materials class
Nanomaterials
Sensor

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10.1016/j.isci.2023.105958

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title = "Graphene nano-electromechanical mass sensor with high resolution at room temperature",

abstract = "The inherent properties of 2D materials—light mass, high out-of-plane flexibility, and large surface area—promise great potential for precise and accurate nanomechanical mass sensing, but their application is often hampered by surface contamination. Here we demonstrate a tri-layer graphene nanomechanical resonant mass sensor with sub-attogram resolution at room temperature, fabricated by a bottom-up process. We found that Joule-heating is effective in cleaning the graphene membrane surface, which results in a large improvement in the stability of the resonance frequency. We characterized the sensor by depositing Cr metal using a stencil mask and found a mass-resolution that is sufficient to weigh very small particles, like large proteins and protein complexes, with potential applications in the fields of nanobiology and medicine.",

keywords = "Materials class, Nanomaterials, Sensor",

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note = "Funding Information: S.W.L. and C.J. were supported by Human Frontier Science Program ( RGP00026/2019 ). S.W.L was supported by the Basic Science Research Program ( NRF-2022R1A2B5B01001640 , NRF-2021R1A6A1A10039823 ) and Global Research and Development Center Program ( NRF-2018K1A4A3A01064272 ) through the National Research Foundation of Korea ( NRF ). P.G.S. acknowledges funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 881603 (Graphene Flagship). D.H.S acknowledges support from Basic Science Research Program ( NRF-2017R1D1A1B03035727 ) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education and the KIND fellowship program at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft . Funding Information: S.W.L. and C.J. were supported by Human Frontier Science Program (RGP00026/2019). S.W.L was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2022R1A2B5B01001640, NRF-2021R1A6A1A10039823) and Global Research and Development Center Program (NRF-2018K1A4A3A01064272) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). P.G.S. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 881603 (Graphene Flagship). D.H.S acknowledges support from Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03035727) through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education and the KIND fellowship program at the Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft. D.H.S. H.K. and S.W.L. conceived the study. H.K. and D.H.S. obtained and analyzed the data. D.H.S. H.K. S.H.K. H.C. C.J. P.G.S. and S.W.L. discussed the data and wrote the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",

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AU - Cheong, Hyeonsik

AU - Steeneken, Peter G.

AU - Joo, Chirlmin

AU - Lee, Sang Wook

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N2 - The inherent properties of 2D materials—light mass, high out-of-plane flexibility, and large surface area—promise great potential for precise and accurate nanomechanical mass sensing, but their application is often hampered by surface contamination. Here we demonstrate a tri-layer graphene nanomechanical resonant mass sensor with sub-attogram resolution at room temperature, fabricated by a bottom-up process. We found that Joule-heating is effective in cleaning the graphene membrane surface, which results in a large improvement in the stability of the resonance frequency. We characterized the sensor by depositing Cr metal using a stencil mask and found a mass-resolution that is sufficient to weigh very small particles, like large proteins and protein complexes, with potential applications in the fields of nanobiology and medicine.

AB - The inherent properties of 2D materials—light mass, high out-of-plane flexibility, and large surface area—promise great potential for precise and accurate nanomechanical mass sensing, but their application is often hampered by surface contamination. Here we demonstrate a tri-layer graphene nanomechanical resonant mass sensor with sub-attogram resolution at room temperature, fabricated by a bottom-up process. We found that Joule-heating is effective in cleaning the graphene membrane surface, which results in a large improvement in the stability of the resonance frequency. We characterized the sensor by depositing Cr metal using a stencil mask and found a mass-resolution that is sufficient to weigh very small particles, like large proteins and protein complexes, with potential applications in the fields of nanobiology and medicine.

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JO - iScience

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M1 - 105958

ER -

Graphene nano-electromechanical mass sensor with high resolution at room temperature

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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