Abstract
This study proposes a deep-learning-based model to generate synthetic compressional wave velocity (Vp) from well-logging data with application to the Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate (UBGH) in the East Sea, Republic of Korea. Because a bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) is a key indicator to define the presence of gas hydrate, this study generates the Vp for identifying the BSR by detecting the morphology of the hydrate in terms of the change in acoustic velocity. Conventional easy-to-acquire logging parameters, such as gamma-ray, neutron porosity, bulk density, and photoelectric absorption, were selected as model inputs based on a sensitivity analysis. Long short-term memory (LSTM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used to design an efficient learning-based predictive model with sensitivity analysis for hyperparameters. The LSTM model outperforms the ANN model by preserving the geological sequence of the well-logging data. Ten-fold cross-validation was conducted to verify the consistency of the LSTM model and yielded satisfactory results, with an average coefficient of determination greater than 0.8. These numerical results imply that generating synthetic well-logging via deep learning can accurately estimate missing well-logging data, contributing to the reservoir characterization of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 8775 |
Journal | Applied Sciences (Switzerland) |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 17 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research was supported by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) project, “Machine learning-based analysis on gas hydrate (No. GP2021-010)”, and the Korea Electric Power Corporation (No. R21XO01-1).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
Keywords
- compressional wave velocity
- deep learning
- Ulleung Basin Gas Hydrate
- well-logging