Function-Focused Care Efficacy in Long-Term Care: A Concept Analysis Using the Hybrid Model

Aim: This study aimed to conceptualise ‘function-focused care efficacy’ for direct care workers in long-term care facilities by identifying the domains and attributes of this concept using a hybrid model. Design: A hybrid model concept analysis was employed in three stages: theoretical, fieldwork and final analysis. Methods: Data were collected in South Korea from December 9 to December 20, 2024, through literature reviews and interviews with long-term care professionals and gerontological experts. The study comprised in-depth interviews with five participants from long-term care facilities. Data were analysed utilising content analysis. Results: The final conceptualisation identified six domains and 13 attributes across three dimensions: plan, action and evaluation. The plan dimension encompassed personalised care (identifying residual function and designing tailored care plans) and collaborative care (communication among staff, multi-team approach and cooperation with family). The action dimension covered daily care (supporting daily activities and integrated care), motivational care (encouraging and praising) and ethical care (positive attitude and respect). The evaluation dimension focused on function evaluation (observing and documenting functional changes). Conclusion: This study conceptualises function-focused care efficacy as the belief that direct care workers can effectively plan personalised and collaborative care, motivate older adults to maintain independence, provide integrated care in daily activities, deliver ethical care with respect and positive attitudes and assess functional changes. These findings can inform a measurement instrument and training programmes to enhance care workers' efficacy in function-focused care. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Enhancing function-focused care efficacy can potentially improve the quality of care provided to older adults, promoting their independence and well-being. Impact: The study aimed to conceptualise function-focused care efficacy among LTCF direct care workers. It identified six domains and 13 attributes across planning, action and evaluation dimensions. This framework can guide the development of efficacy measurement tools. Reporting Method: N/A. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution.