Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings

Soo Churl Cho; Boong Nyun Kim; Jae Won Kim; Luis Augusto Rohde; Jun Won Hwang; Dong Seon Chungh; Min Sup Shin; In Kyoon Lyoo; Bock Ja Go; Sang Eun Lee; Hyo Won Kim

doi:10.1007/s00787-009-0755-7

Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings

Soo Churl Cho, Boong Nyun Kim, Jae Won Kim, Luis Augusto Rohde, Jun Won Hwang, Dong Seon Chungh, Min Sup Shin, In Kyoon Lyoo, Bock Ja Go, Sang Eun Lee, Hyo Won Kim

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the comorbid disorders and temperamental profiles of full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A sample of 2,493 students was randomly selected from six representative elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. Among 245 children with full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD diagnosed by the diagnostic interview schedule for children-4th version, parents of 185 subjects (mean age 9.0 ± 1.7 years) and of a random sample of 185 age- and gender-matched non-ADHD children have completed the parent's version of the children behavior checklist (CBCL) and the juvenile temperament and character inventory (JTCI). Results: The prevalence rates of full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD were, respectively, 5.90% (95% confidence interval = 4.74-7.06) and 9.00% (95% confidence interval = 7.58-10.41). Subthreshold ADHD cases did not differ from full syndrome ADHD in any JTCI profile, showing high novelty seeking/low persistence/low self-directedness than controls. Subthreshold ADHD also showed increased risk for externalizing disorders and higher scores in eight CBCL scales (somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, aggressive behaviors, externalizing problems and total behavioral problems) compared to the controls. Conclusions: These results support the clinical relevance of subthreshold ADHD in Asian culture. Increased clinical awareness for children with subthreshold ADHD is needed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	447-457
Number of pages	11
Journal	European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Volume	18
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0755-7
State	Published - Jul 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by Seoul Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Grant 07-2005-013-02. Prof Cho receives research funding from Janssen, Eli-Lilly and Otsuka, and supported by Korea Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (091-081-059) and Korea Health Industry Development Institute (A080055). The ADHD outpatient program from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre receives research support from the following pharmaceutical companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, and Novartis. Prof. Rohde is on the speakers’ bureau or is a consultant for the same companies and is on the advisory board for Eli Lilly & Company.

Keywords

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Comorbidity
DISC-IV
Subthreshold
Temperament

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10.1007/s00787-009-0755-7

Cite this

Cho, S. C., Kim, B. N., Kim, J. W., Rohde, L. A., Hwang, J. W., Chungh, D. S., Shin, M. S., Lyoo, I. K., Go, B. J., Lee, S. E., & Kim, H. W. (2009). Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 18(7), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0755-7

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title = "Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings",

abstract = "Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the comorbid disorders and temperamental profiles of full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A sample of 2,493 students was randomly selected from six representative elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. Among 245 children with full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD diagnosed by the diagnostic interview schedule for children-4th version, parents of 185 subjects (mean age 9.0 ± 1.7 years) and of a random sample of 185 age- and gender-matched non-ADHD children have completed the parent's version of the children behavior checklist (CBCL) and the juvenile temperament and character inventory (JTCI). Results: The prevalence rates of full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD were, respectively, 5.90% (95% confidence interval = 4.74-7.06) and 9.00% (95% confidence interval = 7.58-10.41). Subthreshold ADHD cases did not differ from full syndrome ADHD in any JTCI profile, showing high novelty seeking/low persistence/low self-directedness than controls. Subthreshold ADHD also showed increased risk for externalizing disorders and higher scores in eight CBCL scales (somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, aggressive behaviors, externalizing problems and total behavioral problems) compared to the controls. Conclusions: These results support the clinical relevance of subthreshold ADHD in Asian culture. Increased clinical awareness for children with subthreshold ADHD is needed.",

keywords = "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Comorbidity, DISC-IV, Subthreshold, Temperament",

author = "Cho, {Soo Churl} and Kim, {Boong Nyun} and Kim, {Jae Won} and Rohde, {Luis Augusto} and Hwang, {Jun Won} and Chungh, {Dong Seon} and Shin, {Min Sup} and Lyoo, {In Kyoon} and Go, {Bock Ja} and Lee, {Sang Eun} and Kim, {Hyo Won}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by Seoul Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Grant 07-2005-013-02. Prof Cho receives research funding from Janssen, Eli-Lilly and Otsuka, and supported by Korea Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (091-081-059) and Korea Health Industry Development Institute (A080055). The ADHD outpatient program from Hospital de Cl{\'i}nicas de Porto Alegre receives research support from the following pharmaceutical companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, and Novartis. Prof. Rohde is on the speakers{\textquoteright} bureau or is a consultant for the same companies and is on the advisory board for Eli Lilly & Company.",

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T1 - Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample

T2 - Comorbidity and temperament findings

AU - Cho, Soo Churl

AU - Kim, Boong Nyun

AU - Kim, Jae Won

AU - Rohde, Luis Augusto

AU - Hwang, Jun Won

AU - Chungh, Dong Seon

AU - Shin, Min Sup

AU - Lyoo, In Kyoon

AU - Go, Bock Ja

AU - Lee, Sang Eun

AU - Kim, Hyo Won

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by Seoul Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Grant 07-2005-013-02. Prof Cho receives research funding from Janssen, Eli-Lilly and Otsuka, and supported by Korea Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (091-081-059) and Korea Health Industry Development Institute (A080055). The ADHD outpatient program from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre receives research support from the following pharmaceutical companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, and Novartis. Prof. Rohde is on the speakers’ bureau or is a consultant for the same companies and is on the advisory board for Eli Lilly & Company.

PY - 2009/7

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N2 - Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the comorbid disorders and temperamental profiles of full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: A sample of 2,493 students was randomly selected from six representative elementary schools in Seoul, Korea. Among 245 children with full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD diagnosed by the diagnostic interview schedule for children-4th version, parents of 185 subjects (mean age 9.0 ± 1.7 years) and of a random sample of 185 age- and gender-matched non-ADHD children have completed the parent's version of the children behavior checklist (CBCL) and the juvenile temperament and character inventory (JTCI). Results: The prevalence rates of full syndrome and subthreshold ADHD were, respectively, 5.90% (95% confidence interval = 4.74-7.06) and 9.00% (95% confidence interval = 7.58-10.41). Subthreshold ADHD cases did not differ from full syndrome ADHD in any JTCI profile, showing high novelty seeking/low persistence/low self-directedness than controls. Subthreshold ADHD also showed increased risk for externalizing disorders and higher scores in eight CBCL scales (somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, aggressive behaviors, externalizing problems and total behavioral problems) compared to the controls. Conclusions: These results support the clinical relevance of subthreshold ADHD in Asian culture. Increased clinical awareness for children with subthreshold ADHD is needed.

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Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: Comorbidity and temperament findings

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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