Formation of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells by hierarchical pore generation with nanoporous TiO₂spheres

Nanoporous TiO₂ structures were successfully applied for the fabrication of DSC electrodes, providing high surface areas and large pore sizes at the same time. High photocurrent was induced in these DSCs by great adsorption of dye molecules and efficient electrolyte diffusion, caused by the generated hierarchical pore structures in the TiO₂ layer.