TY - JOUR
T1 - Extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation in education
T2 - Reconsidered once again
AU - Deci, Edward L.
AU - Koestner, Richard
AU - Ryan, Richard M.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - The finding that extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation has been highly controversial since it first appeared (Deci, 1971). A meta-analysis published in this journal (Cameron & Pierce, 1994) concluded that the undermining effect was minimal and largely inconsequential for educational policy. However, a more recent meta-analysis (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999) showed that the Cameron and Pierce meta-analysis was seriously flawed and that its conclusions were incorrect. This article briefly reviews the results of the more recent meta-analysis, which showed that tangible rewards do indeed have a substantial undermining effect. The meta-analysis provided strong support for cognitive evaluation theory (Deci & Ryan, 1980), which Cameron and Pierce had advocated abandoning. The results are briefly discussed in terms of their relevance for educational practice.
AB - The finding that extrinsic rewards can undermine intrinsic motivation has been highly controversial since it first appeared (Deci, 1971). A meta-analysis published in this journal (Cameron & Pierce, 1994) concluded that the undermining effect was minimal and largely inconsequential for educational policy. However, a more recent meta-analysis (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999) showed that the Cameron and Pierce meta-analysis was seriously flawed and that its conclusions were incorrect. This article briefly reviews the results of the more recent meta-analysis, which showed that tangible rewards do indeed have a substantial undermining effect. The meta-analysis provided strong support for cognitive evaluation theory (Deci & Ryan, 1980), which Cameron and Pierce had advocated abandoning. The results are briefly discussed in terms of their relevance for educational practice.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0035285941&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3102/00346543071001001
DO - 10.3102/00346543071001001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:0035285941
SN - 0034-6543
VL - 71
SP - 1
EP - 27
JO - Review of Educational Research
JF - Review of Educational Research
IS - 1
ER -