@article{f0605e8306584381826fcd02990a4832,
title = "Evidence for a vestigial nematic state in the cuprate pseudogap phase",
abstract = "The CuO2 antiferromagnetic insulator is transformed by hole-doping into an exotic quantum fluid usually referred to as the pseudogap (PG) phase. Its defining characteristic is a strong suppression of the electronic density-of-states D(E) for energies jEj < Δ*, where Δ* is the PG energy. Unanticipated broken-symmetry phases have been detected by a wide variety of techniques in the PG regime, most significantly a finite-Q density-wave (DW) state and a Q = 0 nematic (NE) state. Sublattice-phase-resolved imaging of electronic structure allows the doping and energy dependence of these distinct broken-symmetry states to be visualized simultaneously. Using this approach, we show that even though their reported ordering temperatures TDW and TNE are unrelated to each other, both the DW and NE states always exhibit their maximum spectral intensity at the same energy, and using independent measurements that this is the PG energy Δ*. Moreover, no new energy-gap opening coincides with the appearance of the DW state (which should theoretically open an energy gap on the Fermi surface), while the observed PG opening coincides with the appearance of the NE state (which should theoretically be incapable of opening a Fermi-surface gap).",
keywords = "Broken symmetry, Cuprate, Density wave, Pseudogap, Vestigial nematic",
author = "Sourin Mukhopadhyay and Rahul Sharma and Kim, {Chung Koo} and Edkins, {Stephen D.} and Hamidian, {Mohammad H.} and Hiroshi Eisaki and Uchida, {Shin ichi} and Kim, {Eun Ah} and Lawler, {Michael J.} and Mackenzie, {Andrew P.} and {S{\'e}amus Davis}, {J. C.} and Kazuhiro Fujita",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. S.M. acknowledges support from NSF Grant DMR-1719875 to the Cornell Center for Materials Research. S.-i.U. and H.E. acknowledge support from a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Science and Education (Japan) and the Global Centers of Excellence Program for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. K.F. and C.K.K. acknowledge salary support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DEAC02-98CH10886. E.-A.K. acknowledges Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics Award 392182 and from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant DE-SC0018946. S.D.E. acknowledges studentship funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/G03673X/1. M.H.H., S.D.E., and J.C.S.D. acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation{\textquoteright}s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4544. J.C.S.D. acknowledges support from Science Foundation Ireland under Award SFI 17/ RP/5445 and from the European Research Council under Award DLV-788932. Funding Information: S.M. acknowledges support from NSF Grant DMR-1719875 to the Cornell Center for Materials Research. S.-i.U. and H.E. acknowledge support from a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Science and Education (Japan) and the Global Centers of Excellence Program for Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. K.F. and C.K.K. acknowledge salary support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DEAC02-98CH10886. E.-A.K. acknowledges Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics Award 392182 and from the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant DE-SC0018946. S.D.E. acknowledges studentship funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/G03673X/1. M.H.H., S.D.E., and J.C.S.D. acknowledge support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation{\textquoteright}s EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4544. J.C.S.D. acknowledges support from Science Foundation Ireland under Award SFI 17/ RP/5445 and from the European Research Council under Award DLV-788932. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.",
year = "2019",
doi = "10.1073/pnas.1821454116",
language = "English",
volume = "116",
pages = "13249--13254",
journal = "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America",
issn = "0027-8424",
publisher = "National Academy of Sciences",
number = "27",
}