Enhanced adsorption of bisphenol A and sulfamethoxazole by a novel magnetic CuZnFe₂O₄–biochar composite

The widespread occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compound and pharmaceutical active compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in natural freshwater resources can cause serious environmental problems even at low exposure levels. In this work, in order to remove BPA and SMX from aqueous solutions, a novel biochar-supported magnetic CuZnFe₂O₄ composite (CZF–biochar) was synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. After characterization studies, the key factors affecting BPA and SMX adsorption on CZF–biochar were comprehensively investigated. The primary mechanisms for BPA and SMX adsorption included charge-assisted H-bonding, hydrophobic, and π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions. In summary, considering the fast kinetics, high adsorption properties, easy magnetic separation, and recyclability for multiple reuses, the CZF–biochar composite has potential for the removal of BPA, SMX, and potentially other emerging organic contaminants from contaminated soil and water.