Electrically, chemically, and photonically powered torsional and tensile actuation of hybrid carbon nanotube yarn muscles

Márcio D. Lima, Na Li, Mônica Jung De Andrade, Shaoli Fang, Jiyoung Oh, Geoffrey M. Spinks, Mikhail E. Kozlov, Carter S. Haines, Dongseok Suh, Javad Foroughi, Seon Jeong Kim, Yongsheng Chen, Taylor Ware, Min Kyoon Shin, Leonardo D. Machado, Alexandre F. Fonseca, John D.W. Madden, Walter E. Voit, Douglas S. Galvão, Ray H. Baughman