Dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanotube solar cells: Rational structural and surface engineering on TiO₂ nanotubes

Owing to well-defined structural parameters and enhanced electronic properties, highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays have been employed to substitute TiO₂ nanoparticles for use in dye-sensitized solar cells. To further improve the performance of dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanotube solar cells, efforts have been directed toward the optimization of TiO ₂ photoanodes, dyes, electrolytes, and counter electrodes. Herein, we highlight recent progress in rational structural and surface engineering on anodic TiO₂ nanotube arrays and their effects on improving the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanotube solar cells. Tubular cells: Recent progress in rational structural and surface engineering on anodic TiO₂ nanotube (NT) arrays and their effects on improving the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized TiO₂ nanotube solar cells is highlighted (see picture).