Discrimination of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum Based on Metabolite Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity

Min Ji Ryu; Minjeong Kim; Moongi Ji; Chaeyoung Lee; Inho Yang; Seong Bin Hong; Jungwook Chin; Eun Kyoung Seo; Man Jeong Paik; Kyung Min Lim; Sang Jip Nam

doi:10.3390/MOLECULES25245835

Discrimination of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum Based on Metabolite Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity

Min Ji Ryu, Minjeong Kim, Moongi Ji, Chaeyoung Lee, Inho Yang, Seong Bin Hong, Jungwook Chin, Eun Kyoung Seo, Man Jeong Paik, Kyung Min Lim, Sang Jip Nam

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lycii Fructus is a traditional medicine used to prevent liver and kidney diseases, which commonly derives from Lycium chinense and Lycium barbarum. Here, the extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of L. chinense fruits exhibited better hepatoprotective effects than those of L. barbarum, which was likely due to differences in their composition. Therefore, GC-MS and HPLC analyses were conducted to characterize the metabolite differences between L. chinense and L. barbarum. Based on amino acid (AA) and phenolic acid (PA) profiling, 24 AAs and 9 PAs were identified in the two species. Moreover, each species exhibited unique and readily distinguishable AA and PA star graphic patterns. HPLC analysis elucidated composition differences between the ethyl acetate-soluble layers of the two compounds. Further, NMR analysis identified their chemical structures as 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid and p-coumaric acid. The higher content of 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid was detected in L. chinense, whereas the content of p-coumaric acid was higher in L. barbarum. Therefore, the differences in the relative contents of these two secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate-soluble layer of Lycii Fructus could be a good marker to discriminate between L. chinense and L. barbarum.

Original language	English
Article number	5835
Journal	Molecules
Volume	25
Issue number	24
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES25245835
State	Published - 1 Dec 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Funding: This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Encouragement Program for The Industries of the Economic Cooperation Region and the National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07042919 and 2018R1A5A2025286).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Lycium barbarum
Lycium chinense
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
star pattern recognition analysis

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10.3390/MOLECULES25245835

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@article{3d7800df60fb4b939d33a4d6dfbe3fec,

title = "Discrimination of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum Based on Metabolite Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity",

abstract = "Lycii Fructus is a traditional medicine used to prevent liver and kidney diseases, which commonly derives from Lycium chinense and Lycium barbarum. Here, the extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of L. chinense fruits exhibited better hepatoprotective effects than those of L. barbarum, which was likely due to differences in their composition. Therefore, GC-MS and HPLC analyses were conducted to characterize the metabolite differences between L. chinense and L. barbarum. Based on amino acid (AA) and phenolic acid (PA) profiling, 24 AAs and 9 PAs were identified in the two species. Moreover, each species exhibited unique and readily distinguishable AA and PA star graphic patterns. HPLC analysis elucidated composition differences between the ethyl acetate-soluble layers of the two compounds. Further, NMR analysis identified their chemical structures as 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid and p-coumaric acid. The higher content of 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid was detected in L. chinense, whereas the content of p-coumaric acid was higher in L. barbarum. Therefore, the differences in the relative contents of these two secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate-soluble layer of Lycii Fructus could be a good marker to discriminate between L. chinense and L. barbarum.",

keywords = "Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, star pattern recognition analysis",

author = "Ryu, {Min Ji} and Minjeong Kim and Moongi Ji and Chaeyoung Lee and Inho Yang and Hong, {Seong Bin} and Jungwook Chin and Seo, {Eun Kyoung} and Paik, {Man Jeong} and Lim, {Kyung Min} and Nam, {Sang Jip}",

note = "Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Encouragement Program for The Industries of the Economic Cooperation Region and the National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07042919 and 2018R1A5A2025286). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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doi = "10.3390/MOLECULES25245835",

language = "English",

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T1 - Discrimination of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum Based on Metabolite Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity

AU - Ryu, Min Ji

AU - Kim, Minjeong

AU - Ji, Moongi

AU - Lee, Chaeyoung

AU - Yang, Inho

AU - Hong, Seong Bin

AU - Chin, Jungwook

AU - Seo, Eun Kyoung

AU - Paik, Man Jeong

AU - Lim, Kyung Min

AU - Nam, Sang Jip

N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Encouragement Program for The Industries of the Economic Cooperation Region and the National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07042919 and 2018R1A5A2025286). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2020/12/1

Y1 - 2020/12/1

N2 - Lycii Fructus is a traditional medicine used to prevent liver and kidney diseases, which commonly derives from Lycium chinense and Lycium barbarum. Here, the extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of L. chinense fruits exhibited better hepatoprotective effects than those of L. barbarum, which was likely due to differences in their composition. Therefore, GC-MS and HPLC analyses were conducted to characterize the metabolite differences between L. chinense and L. barbarum. Based on amino acid (AA) and phenolic acid (PA) profiling, 24 AAs and 9 PAs were identified in the two species. Moreover, each species exhibited unique and readily distinguishable AA and PA star graphic patterns. HPLC analysis elucidated composition differences between the ethyl acetate-soluble layers of the two compounds. Further, NMR analysis identified their chemical structures as 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid and p-coumaric acid. The higher content of 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid was detected in L. chinense, whereas the content of p-coumaric acid was higher in L. barbarum. Therefore, the differences in the relative contents of these two secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate-soluble layer of Lycii Fructus could be a good marker to discriminate between L. chinense and L. barbarum.

AB - Lycii Fructus is a traditional medicine used to prevent liver and kidney diseases, which commonly derives from Lycium chinense and Lycium barbarum. Here, the extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of L. chinense fruits exhibited better hepatoprotective effects than those of L. barbarum, which was likely due to differences in their composition. Therefore, GC-MS and HPLC analyses were conducted to characterize the metabolite differences between L. chinense and L. barbarum. Based on amino acid (AA) and phenolic acid (PA) profiling, 24 AAs and 9 PAs were identified in the two species. Moreover, each species exhibited unique and readily distinguishable AA and PA star graphic patterns. HPLC analysis elucidated composition differences between the ethyl acetate-soluble layers of the two compounds. Further, NMR analysis identified their chemical structures as 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid and p-coumaric acid. The higher content of 4-(2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanoic acid was detected in L. chinense, whereas the content of p-coumaric acid was higher in L. barbarum. Therefore, the differences in the relative contents of these two secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate-soluble layer of Lycii Fructus could be a good marker to discriminate between L. chinense and L. barbarum.

KW - Lycium barbarum

KW - Lycium chinense

KW - gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

KW - star pattern recognition analysis

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DO - 10.3390/MOLECULES25245835

M3 - Article

C2 - 33321994

AN - SCOPUS:85098532519

SN - 1420-3049

VL - 25

JO - Molecules

JF - Molecules

IS - 24

M1 - 5835

ER -

Discrimination of Lycium chinense and L. barbarum Based on Metabolite Analysis and Hepatoprotective Activity

Abstract

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Keywords

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