Different Problems, Same Themes: A Summary of This Book

This book is a showcase of diverse early childhood education systems as well as their contextually unique advances and problems in Asia Pacific. All country case studies applied the same 3A2S (accessibility, affordability, accountability, sustainability, and social justice) framework (Li et al. 2014) to analyse their own key ECE policies. Across these countries, although problems of ECE policies vary, these policies share the same themes, which can be summarized in three key ideas: ‘fragmented, underfinanced and bureaucratically neglected’ (Li et al. 2014) as analysed in this concluding chapter. The future development of ECE policies across the Asia Pacific region is discussed.