Development of Acellular Respiratory Mucosal Matrix Using Porcine Tracheal Mucosa

Background:: Respiratory mucosa defects result in airway obstruction and infection, requiring subsequent functional recovery of the respiratory epithelium. Because site-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) facilitates restoration of organ function by promoting cellular migration and engraftment, previous studies considered decellularized trachea an ideal ECM; however, incomplete cell removal from cartilage and mucosal-architecture destruction are frequently reported. Here, we developed a decellularization protocol and applied it to the respiratory mucosa of separated porcine tracheas. Methods:: The trachea was divided into groups according to decellularization protocol: native mucosa, freezing–thawing (FT), FT followed by the use of Perasafe-based chemical agents before mucosal separation (wFTP), after mucosal separation (mFTP), and followed by DNase decellularization (mFTD). Decellularization efficacy was evaluated by DNA quantification and hematoxylin and eosin staining, and ECM content of the scaffold was evaluated by histologic analysis and glycosaminoglycan and collagen assays. Biocompatibility was assessed by cell-viability assay and in vivo transplantation. Results:: The mFTP mucosa showed low antigenicity and maintained the ECM to form a proper microstructure. Additionally, tonsil-derived stem cells remained viable when cultured with or seeded onto mFTP mucosa, and the in vivo host response showed a constructive pattern following implantation of the mFTP scaffolds. Conclusion:: These results demonstrated that xenogenic acellular respiratory mucosa matrix displayed suitable biocompatibility as a scaffold material for respiratory mucosa engineering.