Development and Modification of a Culturally Tailored Education Program to Prevent Breast Cancer in Korean Immigrant Women in New York City

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in Korean American (KA) women. In view of its high prevalence in these women, their low screening rates, and the cultural influence of BC risk factors in their lifestyles, we developed a community-based culturally tailored BC prevention program, the Korean Breast Cancer Risk Reduction Program (KBCRRP). Guided by the PRECEDE-PROCEDE and health belief models, the KBCRRP was developed to achieve four goals: (1) healthy weight, (2) physically active lifestyle, (3) healthy diet, and (4) BC screening and adherence. KBCRRP combines effective multicomponent strategies for BC screening and a group-based lifestyle intervention incorporating traditional Korean health beliefs and is tailored for BC risk reduction. In this paper, we provide an overview of the program, the process of program development, implementation, and evaluation, and modification during the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial program involved 8 weeks of in-person group education sessions led by interdisciplinary healthcare professionals and 16 weeks of follow-up involving smartphone applications, phone calls, and text messaging from trained lifestyle coaches. Participants received opportunities to obtain free mammography during the program. After feasibility testing, the program was modified by incorporating participants’ feedback. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we provided the program using the Zoom video platform. Participants’ recruitment and retention during the pandemic was successful, reflecting the fact that virtual delivery of group-based education was a feasible and acceptable alternative to in-person sessions. Collaboration with community organizations serving the target population is the key to developing and sustaining a successful community-based educational program.