Delayed postpartum hemorrhage resulting from uterine artery pseudoaneurysm rupture

Background: Rupture of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon, but life-threatening, cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Cesarean delivery is the most common cause. Objectives: Prompt recognition and management are critical in severe vaginal bleeding. A diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the uterine artery can be established radiologically, such as with color Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography. Angiography confirms the diagnosis. This condition can be treated with selective arterial embolization. Case Reports: We describe three cases of postpartum hemorrhage caused by rupture of pseudoaneurysms of the uterine artery after cesarean section. Conclusion: Uterine arterial pseudoaneurysm rupture is an infrequent, life-threatening cause of delayed postpartum hemorrhage requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. Early crystalloid infusion and blood transfusion are essential. The initial management and stabilization of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm postpartum hemorrhage requires aggressive resuscitation. Arterial embolization should be considered the definitive treatment.