TY - JOUR
T1 - COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis
T2 - therapeutics in clinical trials, repurposing, and potential development
AU - Yim, Joowon
AU - Lim, Hee Hyun
AU - Kwon, Youngjoo
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a grant from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2018R1A5A2025286).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - In 2019, an unprecedented disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and spread across the globe. Although the rapid transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in thousands of deaths and severe lung damage, conclusive treatment is not available. However, three COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized, and two more will be approved soon, according to a World Health Organization report on December 12, 2020. Many COVID-19 patients show symptoms of acute lung injury that eventually leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Our aim in this article is to present the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19, with a focus on angiotensin converting enzyme-2. We also evaluate the radiological imaging methods computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) for visualization of patient lung condition. Moreover, we review possible therapeutics for COVID-19 using four categories: treatments related and unrelated to lung disease and treatments that have and have not entered clinical trials. Although many treatments have started clinical trials, they have some drawbacks, such as short-term and small-group testing, that need to be addressed as soon as possible.
AB - In 2019, an unprecedented disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and spread across the globe. Although the rapid transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in thousands of deaths and severe lung damage, conclusive treatment is not available. However, three COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized, and two more will be approved soon, according to a World Health Organization report on December 12, 2020. Many COVID-19 patients show symptoms of acute lung injury that eventually leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Our aim in this article is to present the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19, with a focus on angiotensin converting enzyme-2. We also evaluate the radiological imaging methods computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) for visualization of patient lung condition. Moreover, we review possible therapeutics for COVID-19 using four categories: treatments related and unrelated to lung disease and treatments that have and have not entered clinical trials. Although many treatments have started clinical trials, they have some drawbacks, such as short-term and small-group testing, that need to be addressed as soon as possible.
KW - Angiotensin converting enzyme-2
KW - COVID-19-induced lung damage
KW - Possible therapeutics
KW - Pulmonary fibrosis
KW - Radiological imaging method
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106721838&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12272-021-01331-9
DO - 10.1007/s12272-021-01331-9
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34047940
AN - SCOPUS:85106721838
SN - 0253-6269
VL - 44
SP - 499
EP - 513
JO - Archives of Pharmacal Research
JF - Archives of Pharmacal Research
IS - 5
ER -