Chiral macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies: Synthesis, properties and applications

Chirality, an inherent characteristic observed throughout nature, plays a pivotal role across a wide range of scales, from subatomic to galactic, and holds significance in myriad scientific fields, including chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology. Since the discovery of molecular chirality in 1848, there have been monumental advances, especially in the realm of chiral macromolecules and chiral supramolecular assemblies. This progress, primarily propelled by innovations in polymer science and supramolecular chemistry, has opened up numerous applications, spanning enantioselective sensing, catalysis, optics, and biomedicine. Both chiral macromolecules, synthesized either from chiral or achiral components, and chiral supramolecular assemblies, often manifest enhanced chiroptical responses and other intriguing chiral-related characteristics. However, challenges remain, particularly in precisely characterizing and understanding the governing factors and dynamics of these complex systems, as well as in synthesizing novel chiral macromolecules and chiral supramolecular assemblies that can efficiently interact with circularly polarized light. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in the synthesis, properties, characterization, and applications of chiral macromolecules and chiral supramolecular assemblies. In addition, it provides an insightful perspective on the current challenges and the future direction of research in this rapidly evolving field.