Abstract
We present a chemodynamical analysis of 11,562 metal-rich, high-eccentricity halo-like main-sequence stars, which have been referred to as the Splash or Splashed Disk, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. When divided into two groups, a low-[α/Fe] population (LAP) and a high-[α/Fe] population (HAP), based on kinematics and chemistry, we find that they exhibit very distinct properties, indicative of different origins. From a detailed analysis of their orbital inclinations, we suggest that the HAP arises from a large fraction (∼90%) of heated disk stars and a small fraction (∼10%) of in situ stars from a starburst population, likely induced by interaction of the Milky Way with the Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE) or another early merger. The LAP comprises about half accreted stars from the GSE and half formed by the GSE-induced starburst. Our findings further imply that the Splash stars in our sample originated from at least three different mechanisms: accretion, disk heating, and a merger-induced starburst.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 56 |
| Journal | Astrophysical Journal |
| Volume | 945 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Mar 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The Guoshoujing Telescope (the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, LAMOST) is a National Major Scientific Project that was built by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, funded by the National Development and Reform Commission, and operated and managed by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Funding Information:
Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, and the Participating Institutions. SDSS-IV acknowledges support and resources from the Center for High Performance Computing at the University of Utah. The SDSS website is www.sdss.org .
Funding Information:
We thank an anonymous referee for a careful review of this paper, which has improved the clarity of its presentation. Y.S.L. acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2021R1A2C1008679). Y.S.L. also gratefully acknowledges partial support for his visit to the University of Notre Dame from OISE-1927130: The International Research Network for Nuclear Astrophysics (IReNA), awarded by the US National Science Foundation. Y.K.K. acknowledges support from Basic Science Research Program through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2021R1A6A3A01086446). T.C.B. acknowledges partial support for this work from grant PHY 14-30152; Physics Frontier Center/JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements (JINA-CEE), awarded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. D.A. acknowledges support provided by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. 2021R1A2C1004117).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.