Characterization of humoral and cellular immune features of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine

Fengjia Chen; Ho Seong Seo; Hyun Jung Ji; Eunji Yang; Jung Ah Choi; Jae Seung Yang; Manki Song; Seung Hyun Han; Sangyong Lim; Jae Hyang Lim; Ki Bum Ahn

doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1780091

Characterization of humoral and cellular immune features of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine

Fengjia Chen, Ho Seong Seo, Hyun Jung Ji, Eunji Yang, Jung Ah Choi, Jae Seung Yang, Manki Song, Seung Hyun Han, Sangyong Lim, Jae Hyang Lim, Ki Bum Ahn

Department of Microbiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

The most widely used influenza vaccines are prepared by chemical inactivation. However, chemical, especially formalin, treatment-induced modifications of the antigenic structure of the virus are frequently associated with adverse effects including low efficacy of protection, unexpected immune responses, or exacerbation of disease. Gamma-irradiation was suggested as an alternative influenza virus inactivation method due to its great features of completely inactivating virus while not damaging the structures of protein antigens, and cross-protective ability against heterologous strains. However, immunological features of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine have not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine. The gamma irradiation-inactivated influenza vaccine (RADVAX_FluA) showed complete viral inactivation but retained normal viral structure with functional activities of viral protein antigens. Intranasal immunization of RADVAX_FluA provided better protection against influenza virus infection than formalin-inactivated influenza virus (FIV) in mice. RADVAX_FluA greatly enhanced the production of virus-specific serum IgG and alveolar mucosal IgA, which effectively neutralized HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) activities, and blocked viral binding to the cells, respectively. Further analysis of IgG subclasses showed RADVAX_FluA-immunized sera had higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than those of FIV-immunized sera. In addition, analysis of cellular immunity found RADVAX_FluA induced strong dendritic cells (DC) activation resulting in higher DC-mediated activation of CD8⁺ T cells than FIV. The results support improved immunogenicity by RADVAX_FluA.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Number of pages	12
Journal	Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780091
State	Published - 2020

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Keywords

Influenza A virus
dendritic cells
gamma-irradiation
mucosal immunity
whole cell inactivated vaccine

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10.1080/21645515.2020.1780091

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title = "Characterization of humoral and cellular immune features of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine",

abstract = "The most widely used influenza vaccines are prepared by chemical inactivation. However, chemical, especially formalin, treatment-induced modifications of the antigenic structure of the virus are frequently associated with adverse effects including low efficacy of protection, unexpected immune responses, or exacerbation of disease. Gamma-irradiation was suggested as an alternative influenza virus inactivation method due to its great features of completely inactivating virus while not damaging the structures of protein antigens, and cross-protective ability against heterologous strains. However, immunological features of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine have not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine. The gamma irradiation-inactivated influenza vaccine (RADVAXFluA) showed complete viral inactivation but retained normal viral structure with functional activities of viral protein antigens. Intranasal immunization of RADVAXFluA provided better protection against influenza virus infection than formalin-inactivated influenza virus (FIV) in mice. RADVAXFluA greatly enhanced the production of virus-specific serum IgG and alveolar mucosal IgA, which effectively neutralized HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) activities, and blocked viral binding to the cells, respectively. Further analysis of IgG subclasses showed RADVAXFluA-immunized sera had higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than those of FIV-immunized sera. In addition, analysis of cellular immunity found RADVAXFluA induced strong dendritic cells (DC) activation resulting in higher DC-mediated activation of CD8+ T cells than FIV. The results support improved immunogenicity by RADVAXFluA.",

keywords = "Influenza A virus, dendritic cells, gamma-irradiation, mucosal immunity, whole cell inactivated vaccine",

author = "Fengjia Chen and {Seong Seo}, Ho and Ji, {Hyun Jung} and Eunji Yang and Choi, {Jung Ah} and Yang, {Jae Seung} and Manki Song and Han, {Seung Hyun} and Sangyong Lim and Lim, {Jae Hyang} and Ahn, {Ki Bum}",

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doi = "10.1080/21645515.2020.1780091",

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AU - Chen, Fengjia

AU - Seong Seo, Ho

AU - Ji, Hyun Jung

AU - Yang, Eunji

AU - Choi, Jung Ah

AU - Yang, Jae Seung

AU - Song, Manki

AU - Han, Seung Hyun

AU - Lim, Sangyong

AU - Lim, Jae Hyang

AU - Ahn, Ki Bum

PY - 2020

Y1 - 2020

N2 - The most widely used influenza vaccines are prepared by chemical inactivation. However, chemical, especially formalin, treatment-induced modifications of the antigenic structure of the virus are frequently associated with adverse effects including low efficacy of protection, unexpected immune responses, or exacerbation of disease. Gamma-irradiation was suggested as an alternative influenza virus inactivation method due to its great features of completely inactivating virus while not damaging the structures of protein antigens, and cross-protective ability against heterologous strains. However, immunological features of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine have not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine. The gamma irradiation-inactivated influenza vaccine (RADVAXFluA) showed complete viral inactivation but retained normal viral structure with functional activities of viral protein antigens. Intranasal immunization of RADVAXFluA provided better protection against influenza virus infection than formalin-inactivated influenza virus (FIV) in mice. RADVAXFluA greatly enhanced the production of virus-specific serum IgG and alveolar mucosal IgA, which effectively neutralized HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) activities, and blocked viral binding to the cells, respectively. Further analysis of IgG subclasses showed RADVAXFluA-immunized sera had higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than those of FIV-immunized sera. In addition, analysis of cellular immunity found RADVAXFluA induced strong dendritic cells (DC) activation resulting in higher DC-mediated activation of CD8+ T cells than FIV. The results support improved immunogenicity by RADVAXFluA.

AB - The most widely used influenza vaccines are prepared by chemical inactivation. However, chemical, especially formalin, treatment-induced modifications of the antigenic structure of the virus are frequently associated with adverse effects including low efficacy of protection, unexpected immune responses, or exacerbation of disease. Gamma-irradiation was suggested as an alternative influenza virus inactivation method due to its great features of completely inactivating virus while not damaging the structures of protein antigens, and cross-protective ability against heterologous strains. However, immunological features of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine have not been fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the humoral and cellular immune responses of gamma radiation-inactivated influenza vaccine. The gamma irradiation-inactivated influenza vaccine (RADVAXFluA) showed complete viral inactivation but retained normal viral structure with functional activities of viral protein antigens. Intranasal immunization of RADVAXFluA provided better protection against influenza virus infection than formalin-inactivated influenza virus (FIV) in mice. RADVAXFluA greatly enhanced the production of virus-specific serum IgG and alveolar mucosal IgA, which effectively neutralized HA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase) activities, and blocked viral binding to the cells, respectively. Further analysis of IgG subclasses showed RADVAXFluA-immunized sera had higher levels of IgG1 and IgG2a than those of FIV-immunized sera. In addition, analysis of cellular immunity found RADVAXFluA induced strong dendritic cells (DC) activation resulting in higher DC-mediated activation of CD8+ T cells than FIV. The results support improved immunogenicity by RADVAXFluA.

KW - Influenza A virus

KW - dendritic cells

KW - gamma-irradiation

KW - mucosal immunity

KW - whole cell inactivated vaccine

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EP - 12

JO - Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics

JF - Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics

ER -

Characterization of humoral and cellular immune features of gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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